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Elizabethan Era > Plots And Revolts, At Home And Abroad > Flashcards

Plots And Revolts, At Home And Abroad Flashcards

1
Q

What two things had the Earl of Northumberland lost prior to the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
  • Warden of the Middle March
  • Copper Mines
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2
Q

Which two Earls were involved in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
  • Earl of Northumberland
  • Earl of Westmorland
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3
Q

What did the Warden of the Middle March do?

A

Defending the border against Scotland

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4
Q

What did the Earls do at the start of the revolt?

A

They stormed into Durham Cathedral and held a Catholic service

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5
Q

What were the 3 aims of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
  • To restore Catholicism
  • To restore political power of the Northern nobility
  • To remove ‘evil disposed councillors’, who directed the Queen ‘wrongly’
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6
Q

Give one example of an ‘evil disposed councillor’, according to the Earls.

A

William Cecil

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7
Q

What did the rebels of the Revolt of the Northern Earls wear?

A

Catholic badges and emblems

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8
Q

What plan had both the Earls taken part in prior to the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

The plan to marry Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk

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9
Q

Who was the Duke of Norfolk?

A

The most powerful noble in England

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10
Q

In this plan to marry Queen of Scots, what was one of the nobles’ motives?

A

They thought this would push Elizabeth to name a successor

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11
Q

Give an example of one of the nobles with this motive to force Elizabeth.

A

Earl of Leicester

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12
Q

What did Elizabeth when she found out the Earls’ plan?

A

She summoned them to court

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13
Q

After the Earls were summoned to court, why may have they thought their only option was to revolt?

A

It was likely they would be sent to prison or executed.

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14
Q

Which two people were willing to support the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Philip II and the Pope

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15
Q

Where was Roberto Ridolfi from?

A

Florence, Italy

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16
Q

What do some historians believe about Ridolfi?

A

He may have been employed by Elizabeth’s government to trap the Duke of Norfolk and bring out his execution

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17
Q

What did Mary Queen of Scots use Ridolfi to do and why?

A

She used him to carry messages to the Duke of Alva, the Pope and Philip II in order to ask them to organise an invasion of England

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18
Q

What were the 3 aims of the Ridolfi Plot?

A
  • To restore Catholicism
  • Overthrow Elizabeth
  • Replace her with Mary Queen of Scots
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19
Q

When did Ridolfi travel to meet the Duke of Alva?

A

The spring of 1571

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20
Q

Where was the Duke of Alva based?

A

The Netherlands

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21
Q

What did Ridolfi say to Alva, but what was the result?

A

He explained how the Spanish army would successfully invade England, but Alva was unconvinced. He told Philip II he should only invade after Elizabeth had been overthrown

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22
Q

Why did Ridolfi travel in to the Vatican then Madrid?

A

He was unaware of this and went to see the Pope and Philip II

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23
Q

How was Norfolk eventually arrested in September?

A

His servants betrayed him during interrogation

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24
Q

After Norfolk’s arrest as well, what did Ridolfi write to Mary when he was staying in Paris?

A

He said he was going to retire into privacy.

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25
Q

Who was the Secretary of State?

A

Francis Walsingham

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26
Q

When was the Duke of Norfolk put on trial?

A

January 1572

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27
Q

In what month was Norfolk executed?

A

June

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28
Q

Where did Ridolfi go after the plot was discovered?

A

He went to Rome, where he was made a papal senator then returned to Florence

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29
Q

What was Ridolfi’s profession before this?

A

He was a banker

30
Q

What did Elizabeth do to Ridolfi, which still didn’t alter Spain’s relationship with Britain?

A

She expelled him

31
Q

After the Ridolfi Plot, who used the opportunity to put pressure that Catholics should be treated harsher?

A

Protestant MPs

32
Q

After the Ridolfi Act which Act was passed as a result of the Revolt of the Northern Earls and what did it say?

A

Rebellion Act, which said that anyone who claimed that she was not the rightful Queen was a traitor

33
Q

What happened on St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572?

A

Thousands of Protestants had been murdered in Paris

34
Q

Who was Francis Throckmorton?

A

A English Catholic who carried letters between Mary Queen of Scots and French/Spanish ambassadors

35
Q

When was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

1569

36
Q

When was the Ridolfi Plot?

A

1572

37
Q

When was the Throckmorton Plot?

A

1583

38
Q

In what month of what year was Throckmorton put under surveillance?

A

April 1583

39
Q

In what month was Throckmorton arrested?

A

June

40
Q

What was found when Throckmorton’s house was searched?

A

Papers incriminating Catholic nobles with harbours suitable for invasion

41
Q

What did Throckmorton claim?

A

He said that the plan had got no further because the money promised by Philip II did not arrive

42
Q

What did Throckmorton initially confess?

A

He confessed that Mary Queen of Scots was part of the plot

43
Q

How was Throckmorton able to withdraw his initial confession?

A

He said that the confession was obtained under torture.

44
Q

Which Spanish ambassador was expelled after the Throckmorton Plot?

A

Mendoza

45
Q

Where, in what month and year was Throckmorton executed?

A

At Tyburn in July 1584

46
Q

Who else were arrested in the Throckmorton Plot?

A

Lord Henry Howard and Henry Percy

47
Q

Who was Henry Percy related to?

A

He was the brother of the Earl of Northumberland (leader of the Revolt of the Northern Earls)

48
Q

What happened to Henry Percy?

A

He committed suicide when imprisoned in the Tower

49
Q

What happened to Henry Howard?

A

He was released, after being questioned twice

50
Q

In which month and year was William of Orange assassinated?

A

July 1584

51
Q

Who was William of Orange?

A

The leader of the Dutch rebels

52
Q

What was the Queen worried about?

A

She was worried that Catholics were only waiting for a signal from the Pope or military support from Spain/France.

53
Q

In response to the increasing risks for Elizabeth, what did the government do?

A

They intensified their efforts by trying to find concrete evidence that would incriminate Mary

54
Q

When did the Babington Plot take place?

A

1586

55
Q

Who was Anthony Babington?

A

A Catholic who had been a page to the Earl of Shrewsbury, who was responsible for Mary’s custody

56
Q

In 1586, what had Babington been influenced to do by his Catholic friends?

A

He had been influenced to join more serious plotting

57
Q

Who was the latest (Babington) plot originated from, which Babington was unaware of?

A

A fanatical priest

58
Q

What were the three aims of the Babington Plot?

A
  • To murder Elizabeth
  • Make Mary Queen
  • Restore Catholicism
59
Q

In what month and year did Babington write to Mary, outlining the 6 steps that needed to be taken to rid Protestantism?

A

July 1586

60
Q

What did the first four steps talk about?

A

Planning for a successful invasion by a foreign army

61
Q

What did the fifth step talk about?

A

The freeing of Mary

62
Q

What did the sixth step talk about?

A

‘The dispatch of the usurper’ (seizing power)

63
Q

What did the government do in Mary’s household?

A

They placed spies, who persuaded Mary it was safe to receive and send letters through beer barrels

64
Q

Who were the intercepted letters sent to?

A

Francis Walsingham

65
Q

What was the concrete evidence in a letter posted by Mary on 17 July 1586?

A

She wrote that the assassins would need ‘four stout men furnished with good and speedy horses’

66
Q

What happened to Babington and two other conspirators?

A

They were arrested when trying to flee

67
Q

What happened to the rest involved in the Babington Plot?

A

They were tried and executed for treason in September 1586

68
Q

In September 1586 where was Mary Queen of Scots moved to begin her trial?

A

Fotheringhay Castle

69
Q

When was Mary found guilty, with the recommendation of execution?

A

At the end of October

70
Q

Who was mainly responsible for the increasing penalties against Catholics?

A

Walsingham

71
Q

Give one example of torture to get confessions.

A

Torture on the rack

72
Q

What were town councils and custom officers authorised to do?

A

They could search foreigners houses for messages and letters

Elizabethan Era (6 decks)

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