Challenges To The Religious Settlement Flashcards
Why were Elizabeth’s plans for a Religious Settlement not immediately approved in Parliament in 1559?
Marian bishops refused to vote to establish Protestant form of worship
How did Elizabeth respond to these Marian bishops? (2)
- She arrested two
- Reworded her bills, adding more for the Catholics
What was the point of the Religious Settlement?
To pacify everyone and prevent major rebellions/protests
When was the Religious Settlement made?
1559
Who would run the Church?
Bishops
What title did Elizabeth give herself?
Supreme Governor
Who had to take an oath accepting Elizabeth’s new title? (4)
- Government officials
- Clergy
- MPs
- Judges
How many bishops resigned rather than taking the oath?
1
Was the singing of hymns continued?
Yes
What did each Church have to have? (3)
- The Bible in English
- Services in English
- A Protestant Prayer Book to be used
How did Catholics work around the removal of a Latin mass?
They went to a new Church every Sunday and did mass there secretly
What did the clergy have to acknowledge, through an oath? (2)
- Elizabeth’s new title
- The use of the new Prayer Book
Were the clergy now allowed to get married?
Yes
What did the clergy have to wear, although Protestant priests did not usually wear this?
A surplice
What would Protestant priests usually wear?
A plain black gown
At least how many times a month did a preacher have to preach?
Once a month
How many priests out of 9000 refused to take the oath?
250
What did the Queen promote the manufacture of?
Medallions and engravings
Recusants had to pay a fine of how much every week?
1 shilling
How did Elizabeth respond if recusants did not pay the fine?
She turned a blind eye to it
Who did Puritans want running the Church rather than bishops?
Committees that are elected by churchgoers
Why did the Puritans dislike the fact that the Queen was Supreme Governor?
They did not believe in a Head of Church
What did Puritans want to change about the appearance of the Church? (5)
- Whitewashed walls
- No stained glass windows
- No statues
- Plain tables instead of altars
- No music
What did Puritans not like about the new Prayer Book?
Some of its wording
What type of Protestants were the Earl of Leicester and Sir Francis Walsingham?
Puritans
Between 1559 and 1563 what did Puritan priests try doing?
They pushed the removal of ‘too Catholic’ aspects of the Church
In 1570s what happened to some Puritans and why?
They were imprisoned because they tried to make changes to the Church themselves
State 3 facts about Puritans: (3)
- They were a small group
- Situated in south-east and London
- Divided by their specific religious beliefs
What were the 3 divisions of Puritans?
- Moderates
- Presbyterians
- Separatists
Who did the Moderates include and what did they want?
Bishops, who wanted small changes
What did the Presbyterians want?
Wanted to get rid of bishops
What did the Separatists want?
They wanted to get rid of a National Church completely
Why did the Puritans not rebel or protest, even though they wanted more?
It was better for them to have Elizabeth, a Protestant, on the throne, rather than Mary Queen of Scots, who is a Catholic
What was the Oath that the clergy took called?
The Oath of Supremacy
What was the Act of Uniformity and when was it made?
It established the religion of the country and rules that needed to be followed around this, made in 1559
Did Elizabeth introduce punishments if people had their own beliefs?
No
Why was a Latin Catholic mass so important for Catholics?
It was their means for personal salvation that was at risk
What did some Catholic priests do?
They became chaplains to Catholic nobles to celebrate Mass in their homes
Who was the Pope at the time of the Religious Settlement?
Pius IV
Which Pope finally excommunicated the Queen in what year?
Pius V in 1570
What gave the new Church time to establish itself?
Pius IV, who Catholics were relying on to excommunicate Elizabeth, did not take any action. This meant the Catholics had no key support to rebel
Why did Philip II not want to lead a religious crusade against Elizabeth (besides the fact they were allies)? (2)
- Replaced by Mary Queen of Scots who had strong ties with France
- He could not afford it as he was occupied with dealing with Protestant rebels in the (Spanish) Netherlands
When did the French (religious) Civil War begin and how long did it last?
1562, for the next 35 years
In 1560 what two things were introduced?
- Requiem Mass for the dead
- Candles and crucifixes would remain
Who were ‘Jesuits’?
Devote Roman Catholic priests
What did the Treason Act of 1571 say?
Active Catholics who were hostile towards Elizabeth would be executed
How many Catholics were executed in Elizabeth’s reign and what were the majority of them?
200, with the majority being Jesuit priests.
In what month and year did Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England?
May 1568
Where was Mary Queen of Scots taken once she arrived?
Carlisle Castle
Why had Mary Queen of Scots been imprisoned by the Scottish government?
She had married the suspected murderer (Earl of Bothwell) of her late husband, Lord Darnley.
Why had Mary Queen of Scots asked Elizabeth for help?
She escaped from imprisonment in Scotland
Why was helping Mary Queen of Scot’s risky for Elizabeth, but she also felt entitled to do so?
Mary is her cousin however she is also the next heir of England and a Catholic Queen.
What nationality was Mary Queen of Scots’ mother?
French
In 1559, who took control of Mary of Guise’s government?
Scottish Protestant nobles
Why did France threaten to invade Scotland?
They had rebelled against one of the French: Mary of Guise
Why did the French back down from this threat?
Elizabeth sent her own army to Scotland
When did Mary Queen of Scots marry Lord Darnley?
1565
Why did Mary marry Darnley?
He had a distant claim to the English throne, which strengthened her claim for it
Where was Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned in Scotland?
Lochleven Castle
How did Darnley, also an unstable alcoholic, die and in what year?
His house was blown up but he had been strangled first before this in 1567
Why did Elizabeth give support to the Protestant lords, even though she believed in the Divine Right and that Protestants should not take over?
It was more important that France did not have control over Scotland
When did Francis II die, meaning Mary Queen of Scots returned to Scotland from France?
1561
What evidence did the Scottish government claim it had to prove Mary had plotted Darnley’s murder?
The ‘Casket Letters’
When did Mary Queen of Scots start showing her coat of arms to display her claim to the throne?
1560
When was Mary’s son, James VI, born?
1566
How was Mary Queen of Scots displayed in propaganda?
Her image was glorified and flattering to influence people’s opinions
