Elizabeth's Problems & Decisions Flashcards
Who was Elizabeth’s father?
Henry VIII
Who was Elizabeth’s mother?
Anne Boleyn
In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?
1558
How old was Elizabeth when she became Queen?
25
When was Anne Boleyn beheaded for treason?
1536
Who persuaded Henry to bring Elizabeth back to court?
Catherine Parr, his sixth wife
Who was Edward VI’s mother?
Jane Seymour
What denomination of Christianity was Elizabeth brought up under?
Protestantism
Give two languages she learnt
French and Latin
What skills was she taught?
Dancing, archery and riding
In what year did Mary I accuse her half-sister of treason and because of what?
In 1554, due to her suspected involvement in Wyatt’s Rebellion
Why was Elizabeth not put under trial under this accusation?
Others advised Mary that there was not enough evidence.
In what month and year did Mary die?
Nov 1558
Briefly state what the Privy Council contained. (2)
- Advisers
- Heads of governments departments like the Lord Treasury
Who was the Lord Treasury?
The person responsible for the crown’s finances and spending
How often did they meet?
Frequently, sometimes daily
What other aspect were the Privy Council also responsible for? Include examples of the things they would do.
Administration such as meeting foreign ambassadors and overseeing finances
Who did she make Secretary of State?
William Cecil
How many councillors did Elizabeth have compared to Mary?
20 compared to 50
For how many years after 1558 did Elizabeth avoid appointing her closest friend as an advisor?
4 years
Who was Elizabeth’s closest friend?
Robert Dudley
Around about how many councillors were nobles?
10
Who was the Exchequer, who the Privy Council were constantly in touch with?
The person who looked after the Crown’s money
At this point in time, who was expected to pay for all the costs of running the country?
The monarch
From where did the monarch usually receive this money?
Selling crown lands, feudal dues and fines
If the Crown needed extra money, who did they have to ask?
Parliament
In which situation would they need more money?
To finance a war
In 1558 how big a debt did Elizabeth inherit and because of what?
300,000 because of the war with France
What else made it difficult for the Crown to increase its source of revenue?
The rise in prices
What 3 things did Elizabeth do to strengthen the finances?
- Severely cut down government spending
- Monitored the costs of her household
- Called in exchequer officers to balance the accounts
How much was made from selling the Crown’s lands?
600,000
By what year had Elizabeth paid off all the debt and made up a reserve of how much?
By 1585, with a reserve of 300,000
What type of Protestant was Cecil?
Moderate
Who did Elizabeth trust fully and ran the country with for 40 years?
William Cecil
Who was Mary, Queen of Scots to Elizabeth?
Her cousin
Who was Mary Queen of Scots married to?
Francis II of France
Who did Mary Queen of Scots marry after the King of France passed away (this man was murdered)?
Lord Darnley
What denomination of Christianity were France, Scotland and Spain?
Catholics
In 1558 who was France at war with?
Both England and Spain
Why did England and Spain ally?
Mary I was married to the King of Spain
Who was the King of Spain?
Philip II
Who did many Catholics want as the monarch instead of Elizabeth?
Mary Queen of Scots
Which country was the most powerful and wealthy in Europe?
Spain
What were the reasons for continuing the war? (4)
- Military win would get reign off to a good start
- Victory would end danger of invasion from France and Scotland
- It would make Elizabeth look stronger
- Calais could be regained, which would regain English pride
What were the reasons for discontinuing the war? (4)
- England was only in the war because Mary wanted to support her husband; there was no interest now
- The Council said sources showed it was unlikely England would win
- England could not afford to continue
- Defeat would be a bad start to the reign
How many people did the famine and epidemic of 1557 kill?
Over 200,000
After how many months since Elizabeth was coronated and in what month and year did she sign the peace treaty?
3 months after in Jan 1559
What was this peace treaty called?
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
How much did Elizabeth spend on military arms and munitions?
100,000
What decision did Elizabeth make that increased the likelihood of a religious crusade?
Deciding that England would have a Protestant Church
Whose proposal did Elizabeth reject?
Philip II
In what year were the monasteries closed down?
1536
What rebellion was there after the closing down of the monasteries?
The Pilgrimage of Grace
What type of Protestant was Edward VI?
Strict Protestant
When was the new Prayer Book introduced?
1549
Catholics in which places rebelled after the introduction of the New Prayer Book?
Devon and Cornwall
What was Wyatt’s rebellion?
Martyrs rebelling against the new change to Catholicism under Mary’s reign
How many martyrs did Mary burn after Wyatt’s rebellion (people who refused to recant)?
300
What denomination were most of the foreign princes that Elizabeth could possibly marry?
Catholics
What would happen if the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth? (2)
- Catholics subjects could now freely disobey her
- The Pope could lead a religious crusade
Were the majority in the North Catholic or Protestant?
Catholic
Were most of Elizabeth’s advisers Protestant or Catholic?
Protestant
What event made the Pope and the King of the Spain very unpopular?
The burning of Protestants in Mary’s reign
What 3 things did she keep in the Church from Catholicism?
- Crucifixes
- Candles
- Ornate vestments
In what way did the country want Elizabeth to hand over power and why?
By getting married, because they believed, especially after Mary I’s reign, that a woman could not reign successfully.
When was Elizabeth’s coronation?
1559
What was the day of Elizabeth’s coronation called (a national holiday)?
Accession Day
Why did some Catholics deem Elizabeth illegitimate?
Henry VIII was made the Head of the CofE and it was his AofC that approved his divorce with Catherine of Aragon. It was after this that he married Anne Boleyn and had Elizabeth. Some Catholics therefore believe only the Pope could authorise divorces and hence she is illegitimate.
Which other suitor was turned down early on and why?
Prince Eric of Sweden because Sweden was a mediocre power.
When was Dudley made a councillor?
1562
In 1564 what was Robert Dudley now named?
Earl of Leicester
Whose son was Archduke Charles?
The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand’s son
What were the two negatives of possibly marrying the Archduke?
- He was Catholic
- Opposed by Privy Council and Parliament
Who was the King of France’s younger brother?
Francis, Duke of Alençon
Which was the most serious out of all the courtships?
Francis
Why did the marriage with Francis not go ahead?
The Privy Council and Parliament were yet again divided, as he was Catholic and a French prince
Why did they try to decrease poverty levels and therefore famines?
It is likely that more people will join rebellions if they are hungry.
In which year was the worst harvest?
1556
In which year, after consecutive years of bad harvests in 1550s, was there a good harvest?
1558
