risk & resilience

Question 1

community phases of disasters

Answer 1

pre-disaster, impact, heroic, honeymoon, disillusionment, reconstruction

Question 2

3 Stress Responses

Answer 2

positive: brief increases in heart rate, mild elevations in stress hormone levels.

tolerable: serious, temporary stress responses, buffered by supportive relationships

toxic: prolonged activation of stress response systems in the absence of protective relationships

Question 3

risk

Answer 3

a condition that carries high odds for measured maladjustment in critical domains.

Question 4

ACES

Answer 4

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Question 5

What are ACES?

Answer 5

ACES is the term given to describe all types of abuse, neglect, and other traumatic experiences that occur to individuals under age the of 18.

The landmark Kaiser ACE Study examined the relationships between these experiences during childhood and reduced health and well-being lter in life.

Question 6

Types of ACES

Answer 6

Abuse
Household Challenges
Neglect

Question 7

ACES - early adversity lasting impacts

Answer 7

injury
mental health
maternal health
infectious disease
chronic disease
risky behaviors
opportunities

Question 8

ACES Are….

Answer 8

CUMULATIVE!

Question 9

What is resiliency?

Answer 9

Processes or patterns of positive adaptation & development in the contest of significant risk or adversity

Process of harnessing the resources we need to sustain well-being in the face of adversity

Question 10

More on resiliency…

Answer 10

learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy child development

Question 11

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

Answer 11

Looks at cognitive/overall development in the larger context, influenced by Vygotsky, emphasizes the environment’s role in development.

-a person’s development was influenced by everything in the surrounding environment and social interactions within it.

Question 12

Core themes of development

Answer 12

• early experiences affect the development of brain architecture, which provides the foundation for all future learning, behavior and health across the lifestyle
• the ecobiodevelopmental framework is comprised of the convergence of biology, health and development, and physical and social ecology.
• learning how to cope with adversity (resiliency) is an important part of healthy child development

Question 13

types of protective systems

Answer 13

• attachment relationships
• agency & master motivation system
• intelligence
• self-regulation
• meaning making
• cultural traditions & religion/spirituality

Question 14

explanatory models

Answer 14

• compensatory or “main effect”
• protective or “moderating effect”
• challenge
• gene-environment interaction

Question 15

compensatory or “main effect”

Answer 15

• factors that neutralize or counterbalance exposure to risk or stress.
• direct, independent, and positive effects on outcome.
• act regardless of risk level.
• assets, resources, & promotive factors.

Question 16

protective or “moderating effect”

Answer 16

• factor or process has effects that vary depending on the level of risk.
• the higher the risk, the stronger the effects
• “buffering” or “ameliorating” influence.

Question 17

challenge model

Answer 17

• manageable doses of exposure to adversity prepare an organism for adversity by strengthening capacity for mobilizing an adaptive response.
• inoculation or steeling effect.
• ex: vaccination

Question 18

gene - environment interaction model

Answer 18

moderating influence of genes, behavior & personality on differential reactivity in the context of adversity.

• some children are more susceptible or sensitive to the influence of context.

Question 19

developmental considerations

Answer 19

• there is coherence in the development of competence within domains
• developmental cascades
• severity, chronicity, & timing of exposures.

Question 20

resilience pathways

Answer 20

• resistance
• recovery
• normalization
• transformation

Question 21

resistance

Answer 21

steady & positive adaptive behavior in the presence of significant threats

Question 22

Emotional Development: Role

Answer 22

a. Direct our attention
b. Organize behavior
c. Enhance memory
d. Drive social approach & avoidance
e. Perform regulatory functions
f. Linked to mental & physical health

Question 23

Emotional Development: Range

Answer 23

a. Normal Emotions:
i. Sadness
ii. Anger
iii. Pleasure
iv. Fear
v. Worry
b. Extreme Emotions:
i. Depression
ii. Aggression
iii. Addiction
iv. Anxiety, Phobia, Panic
v. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 24

Primary vs. Secondary Emotions

Answer 24

a. Primary Emotions:
i. Emerge early in life and do not require introspection or self-reflection
ii. Ex. Fear, happiness, disgust, surprise, anger & sadness
b. Secondary Emotions:
i. Emerge later in life
ii. Rely on the development of self-awareness
iii. Social & interpersonal basis
iv. Ex. Pride, shame, guilt and jealousy

Question 25

Learning and functionalist perspectives on emotional development

Answer 25

a. Learning: Emotional expression varies with the nature of the environment in which children are raised
b. Functionalist: Emotions help us achieve our goals, adapt to our environment, and maintain social relationships.

Question 26

How much DNA do humans share with rhesus monkeys?

Answer 26

The rhesus genome shares about 93 percent of its sequence with both the human and the chimpanzee genome

Question 27

erotonin transporter gene variations and rearing environments in Rhesus monkeys 

Answer 27

can significantly impact their behavior, particularly when interacting with different rearing environments