early childhood and play Flashcards
during toddlerhood ______ and internal working models of relationships are still in a critical development period.
attachment
toddlerhood
age 1-3
toddlers are driven to seek ______ and ______.
independence and control
attention span is typically between
10-20 minutes
they use language to
make requests, share experiences, carry out actions and requests
major milestones from ages 1-3
physical/motor, cognitive, language, social/emotional
walking, climbing, dressing, riding tricycles/scooters
physical/motor
cause-effect, categorization, multistep directions
cognitive
first words, 2-word phrases
language
separation from caregiver, social connections to peers, sharing, self-control
social/emotional
_______ is a major motivation for toddler behavior
independence
_______ ________ is another toddle developmental milestone
emotional control
process of self-control occurs through
language, real and imagined consequences, cognitive maturation
slaps, spanking, pinching, shaking, hitting on buttocks with belt or paddle, slapping no facr
corporal punishment
frequency of corporal punishment in 3 and 4 year olds
94%
frequency of corporal punishment in infants
35% of parents
frequency of corporal punishment in 12 year olds
50%
frequency of corporal punishment in 14 year olds
33%
frequency of corporal punishment in 17 year olds
13%
what does corporal punishment lead too
immediate compliance
some impacts of corporal punishment
more aggression, lower moral development, reduced self-esteem, mental health problems, associated with abuse
Immediate effectiveness of spanking
stops the behavior
Short term effectiveness of spanking
toddler recidivism
long term effectiveness of spanking
produces a boomerang effect
misbehavior comes back and increases over time
boomerang effect
intervention pyramid
developmental stages of play
physical, symbolic, concrete, rule governed games
physical play
birth through 2 years of age; uses senses and motor skills to deepen ones play. learning about relationship between one’s body & their environment
symbolic play
ages 2-7; a child learns to use the symbols of language and mental imagery
imaginary friends
about 1/3 of children report playing with imaginary friends.
concrete play
ages 7-11; children become lore logical and flexible in their thinking
rule governed play
ages 12 - adulthood; children can now engage in hypothetical thinking and abstract reasoning
social development of play
unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, cooperative
marshmallow test
- Tests self-control
- Kids who wait were better off than those who were impulsive
- Follow ups show that you can teach self-control
providing a rich early environment
- Know motor, cognitive, and social/emotional milestones
- Read to kids
- Take care of yourself to maintain a warm and responsive interaction style
- Provide sensory information and talk to kids about sense
Functions of play
- To imitate adults
- To play out real roles in an intense way
- To reflect relationships and experiences
- To express pressing needs
- To release unacceptable impulses
- To mirror growth
- To work out problems and experiment with solutions
Major milestones in 1-2 years
- First steps
- Increased physical activity
- Increased desire to explore
- Greater independence
- Self-recognition
- Imitation
- Simple phrases and sentences
- Follow simple instructions
major milestones 2-3 years
- Sort objects by shape and color
- Imitations of complex actions
- Express range of emptions
- Separation anxiety and nighttime fears stil normal
- Follow 2-3 step directions
- Increased mobility, curiosity and autonomy means more testing of limits
