Risk factors of cardiovascular disease

Question 1

What are some examples of disease that fall under the term ‘Cardiovascular diseases’?

Answer 1

Angina
Myocardial infarction
Transient ischaemic attack
Cerebrovascular accident
Peripheral vascular disease
Chronic mesenteric ischaemia

Question 2

What are some examples of groups at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 2

Those from a Black, Asian minority ethnic background
There is a 53% higher risk in those with a severe mental illness, with an 85% higher risk of death

Question 3

What are some non-modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

Family history of CVD
Age
Gender

Question 4

What are some modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 4

Smoking
Poor diet
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Alcohol consumption
Poor sleep
Stress

Question 5

What are some co-morbidities of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 5

Diabetes
Hypertension
Chronic kidney disease
Inflammatory condition e.g. rheumatoid arthritis
Atypical antipsychotics
Atrial fibrillation

Question 6

What is the Framingham heart study?

Answer 6

A cohort study designed to determine risk factors of cardiovascular disease. It began in 1948 with 5,209 adults and is now it its 4th generation

Question 7

What is meant by primordial prevention?

Answer 7

Seeks to prevent a disease at a very early stage, often before the risk factor is established

Question 8

What is meant by primary prevention?

Answer 8

Prevention of disease through the control of current risk factors

Question 9

What is meant by secondary prevention?

Answer 9

Prevention of further events, after an event has already occurred, through treatment and interventions

Question 10

What is meant by tertiary prevention?

Answer 10

Application of measures to reduce or eliminate long term impairments and disabilities to improve quality of life

Question 11

What are some examples of risk calculation scores?

Answer 11

QRISK3 score
ASSIGN score

Question 12

What is shown by the QRISK3 score?

Answer 12

It gives a persons risk of CVD in the next 10 years

Question 13

What is the QRISK3 score that allows a person to be offered a statin?

Answer 13

10% 10 year risk (Although may changing to 5%)

Question 14

What is the advantage of the ASSIGN score?

Answer 14

It is more tailored to the Scottish population

Question 15

What risk scoring system is used to determine stroke risk in atrial fibrillation?

Answer 15

The CHA2DS2 - VASc risk score