Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular system > Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism > Flashcards

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by DVT?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis - A thrombus formed in the deep venous circulation, usually in the legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meany by a PE?

A

Pulmonary Embolism - A thrombus that has embolised and lodged in the pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where in the veins do thromboses usually form in DVT?

A

In the venous valve pockets, behind the opening valve leaflets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by proximal DVT?

A

Any clot that involves the popliteal vein or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What s meant by distal DVT?

A

Any clot that forms below the popliteal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mortality rate for a pulmonary embolism?

A

17.5% at 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mortality rate for DVT?

A

0.5 - 5% at 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs in 30% of proximal DVTs after treatment?

A

Post Thrombotic Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 points of Virchow’s triad?

A

Hypercoagulability
Circulatory stasis
Endothelial injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some causes of Hypercoagulablity?

A

Malignancy
Pregnancy
Paripartum period (Period surrounding birth)
Oestrogen therapy
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sepsis
Thrombophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some causes of circulatory stasis?

A

Left ventricular dysfunction
Immobility or paralysis
Venous insufficiency
Varicose veins
venous obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some causes of endothelial injury?

A

Venous disorders
Valve damage
Trauma
Surgery
Indwelling catheters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some textbook presentations of DVT?

A

Painful swollen limb with redness and heat
tenderness along the vein
Sub-acute development
No other causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some textbook presentations of Pulmonary Embolism?

A

Sudden Shortness of Breath with pleuritic pain
Collapse
Haemoptysis
Hypoxia and tachycardia
Low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the D-dimer test work?

A

It tests for the breakdown of cross-linked fibrin, showing the presence of clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How should D-dimer results be interpreted?

A

The test has a high negative predicted value and a low positive predicted value, meaning the test is very good for saying there’s no clot, but a positive result cannot be interpreted

17
Q

What should be done in a patient with a negative D-dimer test result?

A

No further testing

18
Q

What should be done in a patient with a positive D-dimer test and a high risk score?

A

A duplex scan

19
Q

What are the tests for a pulmonary embolism?

A

A CT pulmonary angiogram or ventilation perfusion scanning

20
Q

How is the severity of DVT decided?

A

Through clinical assessment of severity

21
Q

How is the severity of PE decided?

A

By calculating the patients PESI score

22
Q

What is the management for DVT?

A

Oral anti-coagulants - Some patents can have thrombolysis but this is only at specialist services

23
Q

Which is the management for PE?

A

High risk - Thrombolysis then oral anti-coagulation
Low risk - Oral anti-coagulants

24
Q

What are the main choices of anti-coagulant?

A

Apixaban or Rivaroxiban - 1st line therapy
Warfarin - rarely used as direct oral anti-coagulants
Low Molecular Weight Heparin - Used in patients with Active cancer + PE

25
Q

How is the duration of treatment decided in thromboembolic diseases?

A

Duration of treatment is decided on gender, and whether or not the Venous Thromboembolic Disease is caused by a reversible or non-reversible factor
Reversible Factor = 3-6 months treatment + removal of the factor

26
Q

What scoring system is used to determine duration of treatment for VTE?

A

HERDOO2

27
Q

What is meant by a VTE?

A

Venous ThromboEmbolism - Covers both DVT and PE

28
Q

What are some characteristics of post-thrombotic syndromes?

A

Pain
Oedema
Hyperpigmentation
Eczema
Varicose collateral veins
Venous ulceration

29
Q

What is meant by CTPH?

A

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (Class IV Pulmonary Hypertension)

30
Q

What is the usual progression of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension?

A

The initial phase of the disease is often asymptomatic and is followed by progressive dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Right Heart Failure can also frequently occur

Cardiovascular system (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions