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Cardiovascular system > Cardiac arrest > Flashcards

Cardiac arrest Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common signs of cardiac arrest?

A

Unresponsive
Abnormal, atonal breathing
Absent pulse

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2
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

A sudden termination of cardiac function

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3
Q

What is the series of responses to a cardiac arrest patient?

A

Call for help (999 public, 2222 hospital)
Check response
Check pulse and breathing
Start early CPR
Start early defibrillation
Provide post resuscitation care

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4
Q

What is involved in good quality CPR?

A

Delivered to the lower half of the sternum
Compress by 5-6cm
Keep arms straight
Compress at a rate of 100-120bpm
Allow full recoil of the chest between compressions

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5
Q

What are the shockable rhythms of defibrillation?

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

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6
Q

What are the non-shockable rhythms of defibrillation?

A

Asystole - Flatline
Pulseless electrical activity

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7
Q

What 2 drugs should be given in defibrillation and when?

A

Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes after the 3rd shock
Amiodarone every 3 shocks (Antiarrhythmic)

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8
Q

What does Torsades du Pointes mean in English?

A

twisting of the peaks - highly irregular, twisted ventricular tachycardia

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9
Q

What are the 4Hs that can cause cardiac arrest?

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hypo/hyperkalaemia (+other metabolic conditions)

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10
Q

What are the 4Ts that can cause cardiac arrest?

A

Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins (Opiates and benzodiazepines common)
Thrombus

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11
Q

What are some signs of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)?

A

Signs of life
Rise in End Tidal CO2 suggesting respiration

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12
Q

What are the management strategies of a person with a return of spontaneous circulation?

A

ABCDE exam
PCI if required
ICU management
Neuro-protective ventilation
Neurological assessment after 72 hours

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13
Q

What are some scenarios in which a DNAR would be put in place?

A

If it was pre-agreed
If there was an obvious mortal injury (e.g. decapitation)
If there is a safety threat to the ALS supplier
If there is persistent asystole for longer than 20 minutes

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14
Q

What is meant by a DNAR?

A

The decision not to perform CPR
This does not mean they can’t be given other treatment such as fluids or antibiotics

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15
Q

What should be looked for in an airway assessment?

A

Talking
Difficulty breathing, distressed, choking
Noisy breathing
Shortness of breath
See-Saw breaths (As chest rises, stomach falls and visa versa)

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16
Q

What treatment is associated with an airway examination?

A

Head tilt chin lift
Laryngeal mask airway
Endotracheal tube (Intubation)
Oxygen

17
Q

What is looked for in a breathing assessment?

A

Look:
Respiratory rate
Respiratory effort
Abdominal breathing
sweating
Cyanosis

18
Q

What is listened for in a breathing exam?

A

Equal air entry into each lung
Added sounds such as stridor (Noisy), wheeze or crackles

19
Q

What can be felt for in a breathing examination?

A

trachea
Expansion
Percussion
Surgical emphysema (Popping when pressed)

20
Q

What treatment is associated with a breathing exam?

A

Early SpO2 monitoring
Supplemental O2
Ventilatory support
Drugs such as bronchodilators
Needle decompression for tension pneumothorax

21
Q

What is looked for in a circulation examination?

A

Assess colour
Assess temperature
Capillary refill time
Heart rate
Peripheral pulses
Heart sounds
Signs of failure and haemorrhage

22
Q

What are some treatments associated with a circulation examination?

A

Large bore intravenous cannulae (14G/16G)
Blood tests
Blood transfusion
ECG

23
Q

What does ACVPU stand for?

A

Alert
Confused
Vocal
Pain
Unresponsive

24
Q

What is the scoring of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

Scale of 3-15, where 3 is full coma and 15 is fully alert

25
Q

What is checked for in a disability examination?

A

Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Cerebral hypo perfusion
ACVPU or Glasgow Coma Scale
Blood glucose
Temperature
Drugs

26
Q

What are some treatments associated with a disability examination?

A

Maintaining normoglycemia using IV insulin or IV dextrose
Reversal of drugs such as benzodiazepines or opioids
Seizure control

Cardiovascular system (45 decks)

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