Cardiovascular reactions to shock Flashcards
What are the 4 types of cardiovascular shock?
Hypovolaemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Obstructive shock
Distributive shock
What are the 2 types of hypovolaemic shock?
Haemorrhagic
Non-Haemorrhagic
What is meant by hypovolaemic shock?
Inadequate tissue perfusion due to a loss of blood volume
What is meant by shock?
AN abnormality of the circulatory system resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation
What is the cause progression of hypovolaemic shock?
Loss of blood volume =>
Decreased venous return =>
Decreased EDV =>
Decreased stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What is meant by haemorrhagic shock?
Hypovolaemic shock that is caused by a loss of blood
What is meant by Non-haemorrhagic shock?
Hypovolaemic shock that is caused by a loss of fluid
What are some causes of haemorrhagic shock?
Trauma
Surgery
GI haemorrhage
What are some causes of non-hemorrhagic shock?
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Excessive sweating
At what point do compensatory methods of the cardiovascular system fail to account for blood volume loss?
When more than 30% of the blood volume is lost
What is meant by Class I haemorrhagic shock?
Haemorrhagic shock caused by up to 750mL (15%) blood volume loss
What is meant by Class II haemorrhagic shock?
Haemorrhagic shock caused by between 750 and 1500mL (15-30%) blood volume loss
What is meant by Class III haemorrhagic shock?
Haemorrhagic shock caused by between 1500 and 2000mL (30-40%) blood volume loss
What is meant by Class IV haemorrhagic shock?
Haemorrhagic shock caused by more than 2000mL (40%) blood volume loss
What are some symptoms of haemorrhagic shock?
Tachycardia, small volume pulse, cool peripheries, decreased urine output, increased respiratory rate and decreased mental status
What is meant by cardiogenic shock?
Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by sudden, severe impairment of heart function
What is an example of a cause of cardiogenic shock?
Severe, acute myocardial infarction
What is the cause progression of cardiogenic shock?
Decreased cardiac contractility =>
Decreased stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What is meant by obstructive shock?
Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by a physical obstruction to circulation either in or out of the heart
What are some examples of causes of obstructive shock?
Cardiac Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax (Trapping of air in the pleural cavity, compressing the lungs)
Pulmonary embolism
Severe aortic stenosis
What is the cause progression from pneumothorax to obstructive shock?
Increased intrathoracic pressure =>
Decreased venous return =>
Decreased EDV =>
Decreased Stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What is meant by distributive shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion due to excessive vasodilation and abnormal distribution of blood flow
What are the 2 types of distributive shock?
Neurogenic
Vasoactive
What is the cause progression of neurogenic shock?
Loss of sympathetic tone to blood vessels and heart =>
Massive venous and arterial vasodilation and decrease heart rate =>
Decreased venous return and SVR =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What is an example of a cause of neurogenic shock?
Spinal cord injury
What is the cause progression of vasoactive shock?
Release of vasoactive mediators =>
Massive venous and arterial vasodilation and increased capillary permeability =>
Decreased venous return and SVR =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What are some examples of vasoactive shock?
Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock
What is the main treatment of cardiogenic shock?
Inotropes
What is the main treatment of tension pneumothorax?
Immediate chest drain
What is the main treatment of anaphylactic shock?
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
What is the main treatment for septic shock?
Vasopressors
What are some common treatments for most types of shock?
High flow oxygen
Volume replacement (Not in cariogenic shock)
