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Cardiovascular system > Cardiovascular reactions to shock > Flashcards

Cardiovascular reactions to shock Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of cardiovascular shock?

A

Hypovolaemic shock
Cardiogenic shock
Obstructive shock
Distributive shock

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Haemorrhagic
Non-Haemorrhagic

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3
Q

What is meant by hypovolaemic shock?

A

Inadequate tissue perfusion due to a loss of blood volume

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4
Q

What is meant by shock?

A

AN abnormality of the circulatory system resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation

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5
Q

What is the cause progression of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Loss of blood volume =>
Decreased venous return =>
Decreased EDV =>
Decreased stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion

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6
Q

What is meant by haemorrhagic shock?

A

Hypovolaemic shock that is caused by a loss of blood

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7
Q

What is meant by Non-haemorrhagic shock?

A

Hypovolaemic shock that is caused by a loss of fluid

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8
Q

What are some causes of haemorrhagic shock?

A

Trauma
Surgery
GI haemorrhage

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9
Q

What are some causes of non-hemorrhagic shock?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Excessive sweating

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10
Q

At what point do compensatory methods of the cardiovascular system fail to account for blood volume loss?

A

When more than 30% of the blood volume is lost

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11
Q

What is meant by Class I haemorrhagic shock?

A

Haemorrhagic shock caused by up to 750mL (15%) blood volume loss

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12
Q

What is meant by Class II haemorrhagic shock?

A

Haemorrhagic shock caused by between 750 and 1500mL (15-30%) blood volume loss

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13
Q

What is meant by Class III haemorrhagic shock?

A

Haemorrhagic shock caused by between 1500 and 2000mL (30-40%) blood volume loss

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14
Q

What is meant by Class IV haemorrhagic shock?

A

Haemorrhagic shock caused by more than 2000mL (40%) blood volume loss

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of haemorrhagic shock?

A

Tachycardia, small volume pulse, cool peripheries, decreased urine output, increased respiratory rate and decreased mental status

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16
Q

What is meant by cardiogenic shock?

A

Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by sudden, severe impairment of heart function

17
Q

What is an example of a cause of cardiogenic shock?

A

Severe, acute myocardial infarction

18
Q

What is the cause progression of cardiogenic shock?

A

Decreased cardiac contractility =>
Decreased stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion

19
Q

What is meant by obstructive shock?

A

Inadequate tissue perfusion caused by a physical obstruction to circulation either in or out of the heart

20
Q

What are some examples of causes of obstructive shock?

A

Cardiac Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax (Trapping of air in the pleural cavity, compressing the lungs)
Pulmonary embolism
Severe aortic stenosis

21
Q

What is the cause progression from pneumothorax to obstructive shock?

A

Increased intrathoracic pressure =>
Decreased venous return =>
Decreased EDV =>
Decreased Stroke volume =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion

22
Q

What is meant by distributive shock

A

Inadequate tissue perfusion due to excessive vasodilation and abnormal distribution of blood flow

23
Q

What are the 2 types of distributive shock?

A

Neurogenic
Vasoactive

24
Q

What is the cause progression of neurogenic shock?

A

Loss of sympathetic tone to blood vessels and heart =>
Massive venous and arterial vasodilation and decrease heart rate =>
Decreased venous return and SVR =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion

25
Q

What is an example of a cause of neurogenic shock?

A

Spinal cord injury

26
Q

What is the cause progression of vasoactive shock?

A

Release of vasoactive mediators =>
Massive venous and arterial vasodilation and increased capillary permeability =>
Decreased venous return and SVR =>
Decreased CO and MAP =>
Inadequate tissue perfusion

27
Q

What are some examples of vasoactive shock?

A

Septic shock
Anaphylactic shock

28
Q

What is the main treatment of cardiogenic shock?

A

Inotropes

29
Q

What is the main treatment of tension pneumothorax?

A

Immediate chest drain

30
Q

What is the main treatment of anaphylactic shock?

A

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

31
Q

What is the main treatment for septic shock?

A

Vasopressors

32
Q

What are some common treatments for most types of shock?

A

High flow oxygen
Volume replacement (Not in cariogenic shock)

Cardiovascular system (45 decks)

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