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CSM Theory Questions > Rioja, Navarra, Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, and Somontano > Flashcards

Rioja, Navarra, Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, and Somontano Flashcards

1
Q

What three autonomías make up North-Central Spain?

A

Navarra, La Rioja, and Aragón

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2
Q

What natural features shelter North-Central Spain and influence its climate?

A

The Pyrenees Mountains to the northeast and the Cantabrian Mountains to the northwest

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3
Q

What is the significance of the Ebro River in North-Central Spain?

A

It flows through the historic Rioja DOCa, Spain’s premier red wine region

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4
Q

What is Rioja named after?

A

The Oja River, a smaller tributary of the Ebro

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5
Q

When was Rioja christened as Denominación de Origen Calificada, and why is it significant?

A

In 1991, making it the first region in Spain to receive this designation

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6
Q

Who guided viticulture in Rioja during the Middle Ages?

A

Christian monks, including the 13th century Benedictine clergyman Gonzalo de Berceo

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7
Q

What literary significance does Gonzalo de Berceo hold in relation to Rioja?

A

He wrote the first Spanish poetry committed to paper, extolling the virtues of Rioja wine

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8
Q

How did French influence affect Rioja wines in the 19th century?

A

The style shifted to aging in American oak barrels, producing wines with soft, muted red fruit, firm acidity, and oak aromas of dill, vanilla, and cedar

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9
Q

What new styles are emerging in Rioja red wines today?

A

Many producers are emphasizing French oak, more extraction, and riper, darker fruit

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10
Q

What is the dichotomy in Rioja’s white wine production?

A

Some are produced in a clean, fruity, modern style, while others are wood-toned, oxidative, and textural, with occasional off-dry characteristics

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11
Q

What is the main grape of red Rioja, and its significance in Spain?

A

Tempranillo is the main grape of red Rioja and is the most planted grape in Spain

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12
Q

What are the traditional blending partners of Tempranillo in Rioja?

A

Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, and Garnacha

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13
Q

What percentage of the red Rioja blend must be made up of Tempranillo and its traditional blending partners?

A

A minimum of 85%, or 95% if destemmed

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14
Q

What “experimental” grape is allowed to make up the remainder of the red Rioja blend?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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15
Q

Which grape was authorized for Rioja in 2007 to be included in the red blend?

A

Maturana Tinta

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16
Q

What is the dominant white grape in Rioja, and what is it known as elsewhere?

A

Viura, also known as Macabeo

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17
Q

What other white grapes are permitted in Rioja blends besides Viura?

A

Garnacha Blanca, Malvasía Riojano, Maturana Blanca, Chardonnay, Tempranillo Blanco, Sauvignon Blanc, Turruntés, and Verdejo

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18
Q

What is the minimum percentage of primary red grapes required in Rosado wines in Rioja?

A

A minimum of 25%

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19
Q

What are the aging requirements for red crianza wines in Rioja?

A

A total of two years of aging, with a minimum of one year in oak

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20
Q

How long must red reserva wines age in Rioja?

A

Three years, including one year in oak

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21
Q

What are the aging requirements for Gran Reserva red wines in Rioja?

A

At least 24 months in cask, and 24 months in bottle, with a total aging of at least 60 months

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22
Q

What size must Rioja casks be?

A

225 litres, size of a barrique

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23
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rioja white wines and rosados labeled as crianza?

A

18 months of aging, with a minimum of six months in cask

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24
Q

How long must reserva Rioja white wines and rosados age?

A

24 months, with a minimum of six months in cask

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25
Q

What are the aging requirements for Gran Reserva white wines and rosados in Rioja?

A

48 months, with a minimum of six months in cask

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26
Q

How must Rioja white and rosado crianza wines be aged?

A

They may be aged in a non-oxidative environment like stainless steel

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27
Q

Where must reserva Rioja white and rosado wines remain for the minimum period of aging?

A

In oak or bottle.

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28
Q

What are the three climatically distinct subzones of Rioja?

A

Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, and Rioja Oriental (formerly Rioja Baja)

29
Q

Which is the smallest and northernmost subzone of Rioja, and what type of wines does it often produce?

A

Rioja Alavesa, often producing vino joven wines for early consumption

30
Q

What winemaking technique may be employed in Rioja Alavesa for producing early-drinking wines?

A

Carbonic Maceration

31
Q

Where is Rioja Alta located, and what type of wines is it capable of producing?

A

Rioja Alta is the southwestern zone, capable of producing classic, ageworthy Tempranillo, Mazuelo, and Graciano

32
Q

What is the soil structure like in Rioja Alta and Rioja Alavesa?

A

Both regions have a high proportion of calcareous clay

33
Q

Which subzone of Rioja is the hottest, and what type of soil does it have?

A

Rioja Oriental, with more alluvial soils and ferrous clay

34
Q

Which grape variety performs best in the hot climate of Rioja Oriental?

A

Garnacha

35
Q

How do some producers create a base style of Rioja wine?

A

By sourcing blends from all three subregions, combining the freshness of Rioja Alavesa, the extract and warmth of Rioja Oriental, and the acidity and structure of Rioja Alta

36
Q

What is the preference of some producers regarding single region and single vineyard bottlings in Rioja?

A

They prefer the typicity that results from single region and single vineyard bottlings

37
Q

Name two producers that focus on single vineyard wines in Rioja and their notable vineyards or styles

A

López de Heredia with vineyards such as Bosconia and Tondonia, and Ysios producing pure Tempranillo from Rioja Alavesa

38
Q

What is the architectural significance of Ysios winery in Rioja?

A

Ysios is known for its avant-garde design, leading a movement in modern bodega design in Rioja

39
Q

Which famous architect designed the new structure at Marqués de Riscal’s estate?

A

Frank Gehry, famed architect of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao

40
Q

What is the architectural addition to the oldest winery in Haro, de Heredia?

A

A sleek new visitors’ boutique designed by Zaha Hadid

41
Q

When was the official single vineyard category (Viñedos Singulares) established in Rioja?

A

The legislation was passed in 2017, and as of 2018, producers may register their Viñedos Singulares

42
Q

What are the requirements for a vineyard to be classified as a Viñedo Singular in Rioja?

A

The vineyard’s soil must be assessed, the vines must be at least 35 years old, the estate must have proof of working with the vineyard for at least 10 years, and the wine must pass a tasting panel

43
Q

What are the grape harvesting requirements for a Viñedo Singular wine?

A

The grapes must be hand-harvested at a significantly lower yield than what is typically required for regional wines

44
Q

What category was added in 2018 for traditional method sparkling wine in Rioja?

A

The Vino Espumoso de Calidad category

45
Q

What are the requirements for labeling a wine as Vino Espumoso de Calidad?

A

Grapes must be hand-harvested, and the entire winemaking process must take place at the same facility

46
Q

What styles of Vino Espumoso de Calidad are allowed in Rioja?

A

Brut Nature, Extra Brut, and Brut styles

47
Q

What is the minimum lees aging requirement for Vino Espumoso de Calidad?

A

Minimum of 15 months

48
Q

How long must Reserva and Gran Añada Vino Espumoso wines age on the lees?

A

Reserva requires 24 months, and Gran Añada requires 36 months

49
Q

What is a unique requirement for Gran Añada Vino Espumoso wines?

A

They must be produced with fruit harvested during a single vintage, and the vintage date must be stated on the label

50
Q

Where is Navarra DO located in relation to Rioja?

A

Navarra DO is adjacent to the northern and eastern borders of Rioja

51
Q

For what type of wine has Navarra traditionally been famous?

A

Navarra has long been famous for its rosado bottlings

52
Q

What percentage of Navarra’s production is now red wine?

A

Approximately 60% of Navarra’s production is red wine

53
Q

What percentage of Navarra’s production is rosado wine today?

A

Rosado wines represent only 30% of the region’s output

54
Q

What are the major red grape varieties in Navarra?

A

Garnacha and Tempranillo

55
Q

Which white grape variety has become the most prominent in Navarra over the last two decades?

A

Chardonnay

56
Q

What percentage of vineyard acreage in Navarra is dedicated to white grapes?

A

White grapes account for only about 7% of vineyard acreage

57
Q

Which red grapes of French origin are on the rise in Navarra?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir

58
Q

Which three estates in Navarra recently received their own DO Pago appellations?

A

Señorío de Arínzano and Prado Irache in Tierra Estella, Bodegas Otazu in Valdizarbe, and Bolandín in Ribera Baja

58
Q

How many subzones does Navarra contain, and can you name them?

A

Navarra contains five subzones: Valdizarbe, Baja Montaña, Tierra Estella, Ribera Alta, and Ribera Baja

59
Q

What are the four DOs in the autonomía of Aragón?

A

Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Cariñena, and Somontano

60
Q

Which DO in Aragón is known for its hot climate similar to Navarra’s Ribera Baja and Rioja’s Oriental zone?

A

Campo de Borja DO

61
Q

Which grape variety commands around two-thirds of the vineyard acreage in Campo de Borja DO?

A

Garnacha

62
Q

What types of wines are produced in Campo de Borja DO, and from which grapes?

A

Red and rosado wines are produced mainly from Garnacha and Tempranillo, while white wines are based on Viura

63
Q

Which grape dominates the vineyards of both Calatayud DO and Cariñena DO?

A

Garnacha

64
Q

What is significant about Cariñena DO in the history of Spanish wine?

A

Cariñena is one of Spain’s longstanding delimited zones, dating back to 1932

65
Q

What is the ancestral home of the Carignan/Mazuelo grape?

A

Cariñena DO

66
Q

What is the current role of Carignan/Mazuelo in the wines of Cariñena DO?

A

It is now a secondary player in the region’s blends

67
Q

Where is Somontano DO located, and what does its name mean?

A

Somontano DO is located in the foothills of the Pyrenees near Catalonia, and its name means “beneath the mountain.”

68
Q

What types of grapes are used in Somontano DO wines?

A

Wines are produced from local grapes such as the white Alcañón and red Parraleta, as well as a larger complement of Spanish and international varieties

CSM Theory Questions (35 decks)

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