Right wing explanations and solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

What does right realism believe?

A
  • individualism
  • inequality and poverty is an individual’s fault and it is their choice to commit a crime
  • The rich shouldn’t be taxed as it allows them to spend money creating jobs
  • Capitalism
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2
Q

What 3 factors lead to crime according to the new right?

A
  • inadequate socialisation and development of the underclass
  • rational choices to commit crime
  • individual biological differences
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3
Q

What does Hernnstein and Murray (1994) believe about factors for criminality?

A

They believe low intelligence leads to crime

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4
Q

How can New right Murray (1984) view on the underclass can be applied to deviance?

A
  • Dependency on the state is a lifestyle choice that can be seen as deviant
  • Single mothers under socialise their sons with no moral guidance increasing their likeliness to commit crime
  • Fatherless teenage girls have children young to find a father figure creating a vicious cycle within the underclass
  • Boys feel no need to be fathers
  • Lack of value consensus develop values such as laziness, dependency and criminality
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5
Q

How does Macdonald (2008) criticise the new right?

A

She looked at 19 year old Malcolm from Teesside who has no academic qualifications and is frequently unemployed so he could class as the underclass. However, he wants a job to support his family contrasting Murray’s belief that members of the underclass are lazy

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6
Q

What is Clarke (1980) theory on rational crime?

A

Crime is committed based on the cost benefit analysis as they weigh up the potential gains (financial reward) against punishment
- Individuals turn to crime when they lack conventional means to achieve their desired goals (e.g. wealth and status)
- Effective policing, clear laws and swift punishments to deter offenders
- Strong family bonds, supportive networks and community sanctions can prevent individuals from engaging in deviant behavior
- Situational crime prevention involves modifying the environment ( improving lighting, better security measures and hostile architecture) to reduce crime opportunities

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7
Q

What is Hirschi’s bonds of attachment theory (1969)?

A
  • Strong emotional ties are formed between individuals and groups that foster love, support and guidance adhering to conventional norms
  • Investment in conventional activities and goals like education, work and family make crime less appealing
  • Active participation in conventional activities like sports, school and hobbies creates positive identities and social networks reducing delinquency
  • Internalisation of societal values and norms including believing in the legitimacy of the law steers individuals towards law - abiding behavior
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8
Q

What is Wilson and Kelling (1982) broken windows theory?

A

Broken windows and graffiti show a decline in social control, embolden criminals and increase the likelihood of serious crimes. Fixing these problems send a message of intolerance discouraging criminal actitivity

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9
Q

Strengths of right realist solutions for crime

A
  • Attention to individual agency
  • Increasing cost and punishments can deter criminals especially those wanting short - term gain
  • Recognition of the lack of opportunity that contributes to crime
  • Explain specific types of crime
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10
Q

Weaknesses of right realist causes for crime

A
  • Reduces complex social issues to individual choice
  • Doesn’t address the root cause of crime
  • Victim - blaming
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11
Q

Deterrence as a solution

A
  • Increasing the perceived costs of crime through harsher punishments like longer sentences and stricter enforcement
  • Increasing arrest and conviction rates
  • Targeting high - crime areas
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12
Q

Situational crime prevention as a solution

A
  • Improving environmental design to reduce the opportunity for crime
  • Target specific crime types like targeted patrols for property crimes or alcohol initiatives for public disorder
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13
Q

Strengthening social control as a solution

A
  • Strengthening family bonds and community networks
  • Promoting law - abiding values through education and public awareness campaigns
  • Increasing police visibility
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14
Q

Give examples of right - realist policies

A
  • Zero - tolerance policing (enforcing all laws)
  • Three - strike laws: harsher sentences for repeat offenders
  • Increased use of incarceration and private prisons
  • The broke window policing involves proactive enforcement of minor offenses
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15
Q

Strengths of right realist solutions

A
  • Crime rates can be reduced short - term
  • Emphasis on well -defined laws and swift punishment can create a sense of order
  • Promoting individual responsibility can allow positive decisions to be made
  • Targeting high crime areas can maximize the impact of interventions
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16
Q

Weaknesses of right realist solutions

A
  • Oversimplification of crime as deeper social and economic factors that lead to crime are ignored
  • Increased policing and harsher punishments can disproportionately impact marginalised communities and social tensions
  • Neglection of rehabilitation
  • Victim - blaming
  • Heavy handed policing tactics can damage trust between the police and community