Patterns and trends in crime and deviance Flashcards
What is Barnardo’s belief on social class in relation to crime?
Most people in the youth justice system come from the poorest and most disadvantaged families and this can be supported by police records of crime
What is Jacobson et al (2010) view on social class in relation to crime?
They studied 200 young people in custody and many had multiple disadvantages including 3/4 with absent fathers, 1/2 with unsuitable accomodation, 1/4 witnessing domestic violence and at least 1/2 had problems within education
What is Farrington (1989) view on social class in relation to crime?
From a study of 400 young men, socio-economic deprivation is a key predictor of future criminality
What is Fabio et al (2001) view on social class in relation to crime?
Rates of violence amongst boys in disadvantaged areas are much higher than boys in a more advantaged area
What did the university of Kent (2018) discover about social class in relation to crime?
In 100 young offenders (mostly gang leaders) most them came from areas with high levels of social deprivation and had been failed by the education and care system
What are the gender crime statistics?
- Between 1994 - 2004, women in prisons have increased by 150%
- 96% of youth in custody were male and only 4% were female
- From 2008 - 2018, female criminality rate decreased by 55% whilst for males only 45%
- Females commit serious crime at a lower rate to men
- In the range 10 - 17 year olds, 20% of police - reported crime were by boys but only 4% by women
- Peak offending age for females is 15 whilst 18 for males
What does Mundie (1998) say about gender in relation to crime?
Small rises in recorded crime creates moral panics about female offending and girl gangs suggesting that the rise in the imprisonment of young women has been an over - reaction
What does Campbell (1981) say about crime in relation to gender?
They look at self - report studies to suggest that the differences between the genders are smaller since women are better at hiding crimes and are undereported
What are the crime statistics in relation to ethnicity?
- Black ethnic minority youth only account for 3% of the population but 21% of people in custody in 2012/13
- Black men aged 18 - 24 are four times more likely to be stopped and searched than their white counterpart
- Asian crime rate has seen the largest rise in crime in ethnic minorities by 13%
- Mixed race or other ethnic minorities (except Asians) are twice as likely to be arrested than white youth
- White people arrest is in decline
- Statistics are disproportionate to the population
What does Lea and Young (1993) discuss about ethnicity in relation to crime?
Statistics miss out interracial crimes within ethnic communities. Once this is understood, explainations for the high rate of black criminality like street culture, poverty and deprivation can be understood
What have one in four 10 - 15-year-olds been involved in?
Personal crimes such as robbery, assault, and theft
What percentage of certain crimes are committed by 10 - 17-year-olds?
- half of street robberies
- one in three burglaries
- a fifth of violent crimes
What percentage of 2016 prisoners were over 60?
10%
