RIGHT WING

Question 1

What do right-wing views tend to focus on?

Answer 1

Individual achievement and opportunity.

Question 2

What do they argue about the state?

Answer 2

Should not intervene to support those who are struggling because everyone should take responsibility for their own actions.

Question 3

Murray - socialisation.

Answer 3

States inadequate socialisation can lead young people from the ‘underclass’ into crime.

Question 4

Murray - welfare.

Answer 4

Blames over-generous welfare payments for encouraging ‘feckless’ behaviour.

Question 5

Murray - single parents.

Answer 5

Boys: tend to have poor impulse control.
Girls: getting pregnant at an early age.

Question 6

Hirschi - strong bonds.

Answer 6

1. Attachement.
2. Commitment.
3. Involvement.
4. Belief.
   CAIB

Question 7

Hirschi - Attachement & Commitment.

Answer 7

A: Prevent many people from considering deviance.
C: Having responsibilities such as a job.

Question 8

Hirschi - Involvement & Belief

Answer 8

I: Refers to being part of community, family, workplace.
B: Involves being part of a culture, including religions.

Question 9

Gallie - criticism of Murray.

Answer 9

Interviewed long-term unemployed about attitudes to work. He found most had a strong ‘work ethic’.

Question 10

Young - criticism of Murray

Answer 10

‘Sociology of vindictiveness’ aims to ‘punish, demean and humiliate’ those at the bottom of society.

Question 11

What is ‘target hardening’ as a way of reducing situational crime?

Answer 11

Increasing security around targets of crime such as houses and cars.

Question 12

What did Clarke state about situational crime prevention?

Answer 12

Theft from phone boxes stopped when aluminium coin boxes were changed to steel ones.

Question 13

What did Farrington state about environmental crime prevention?

Answer 13

Found that crime decreased by 45% in experimental areas where street lighting was improved.

Question 14

What do the RW favour in terms of punishment?

Answer 14

Harsher punishing, known as retribution.

Question 15

What did harsher penalties lead to?

Answer 15

Shaming people publicly, which links to functionalist ideas of ‘degradation ceremonies’.

Question 16

What do Wilson and Kelling state about policing?

Answer 16

We must prioritise the police’s role in ‘order maintenance’.

Question 17

How is increased policing supported by Zimring?

Answer 17

Homicide rates in NYC declined by 82%, although it is difficult to prove whether this was down to these strategies.

Question 18

What does Murray state about the welfare state and families?

Answer 18

Benefits should be cut and families that cannot afford their children should put them up for adoption.

Question 19

What do the RW fail to address?

Answer 19

The underlying causes of crime.

Question 20

What does Davis say in criticism of RW policies to reduce crime?

Answer 20

Cities will be segregated and a culture of fear is created which can lead to negative racial views.

Question 21

What is the criticism of harsher punishments?

Answer 21

There is little evidence to suggest that these work as a deterrent as places which have the death penalty have higher crime rates than those that do not.

Question 22

Criticism - environmental crime (Reiner).

Answer 22

The police would be better deployed focusing on more serious crime hot spots rather than clamping down on minor forms of anti-social behaviour.