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RUSVM Bacteriology > Rickettsia And Chlamydia > Flashcards

Rickettsia And Chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

Where do rickettsia and chlamydia live in the body?

A

Obligate intracellular

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2
Q

Shape of rickettsia and chlamydia

A

Gram neg

Coccobacilli

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3
Q

____________ are arthropod transmitted parasites of blood cells or endothelial cells, while _______________ are direct transmission of epithelial cells

A

Rickettsia; chlamydia

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4
Q

How are rickettsia and chlamydia infections diagnosed?

A

Direct stain (Buffy coat)
PCR
Serology
Cell culture

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5
Q

What antimicrobial are rickettsia and chlamydia susceptible to?

A

Tetracycline

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6
Q

What are the reservoirs of rickettsia?

A

Small mammals and rodents

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7
Q

What disease can rickettsia rickettsia cause in humans and dogs

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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8
Q

Where does rickettsia rickettsia replicate?

A

Endothelial cells of sm blood vessels

-> cause platelet activation, coagulation, and necrotizing vasculitis

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9
Q

Fever, depression, anorexia, SQ edema, petechia of mucosa , and stiff gait in a dog

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

-> rickettsia rickettsia

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10
Q

____________ causes flea-borne spotted fever in humans, but is in apparent in cats.

A

Rickettsia felis

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11
Q

How is rickettsia felis transmitted

A

Cat flea

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12
Q

What rickettsia bacteria belong to the typhus group?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tustasugamushi

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13
Q

Host of rickettsia prowazekii

A

All domestic animals
Human
Squirrel

Louse borne

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14
Q

Host of rickettsia typhi?

A

Murine typhus

Opossum/flea cycle

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15
Q

_________________ causes scrub typhus and is carried to chigger mites on birds in rodents

A

Orientia tustusgamushi

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16
Q

What are treatment methods of rickettsia infection

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin

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17
Q

______________ is found in farmed fish causing major economic loss.

A

Piscrickettsia salmonis

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18
Q

Anaplasmataceae are parasites of _________________ within vertebrate hosts

A

Hematopoietic (bone marrow deceived cells)

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19
Q

How are anaplasmataceae transmitted?

A

On invertebrae host or vector (tick)

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20
Q

What species belong to the Anaplasmataceae family?

A

Anaplasmataceae
Eherlicia
Neorickettsia

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21
Q

Anaplasmataceae phagoyctophilium are found where in the host

A

Neutrophils

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22
Q

What transmits Anaplasma phagocytophilum?

A

Ixodes ticks

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23
Q

Fever, depression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle pain in small animals

A

Anaplasma phagycytophilum

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24
Q

Mild limb edema, icterus, ataxia, DIC in horse

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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25
Q

What does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause in dog

A

Necrotizing small vessel vasculitis

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26
Q

How do we control Anaplasma phagycophilum

A

Tick control

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27
Q

How do we diagnose Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

Direct stain- Buffy coat
PCR
SNAP test

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28
Q

Anaplasma platys infects what cells?

A

Platelets

Infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia

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29
Q

How do we diagnose Anaplasma platys

A

Blood smear -> seen in thrombocytes /platelets

FA -can be false negative if not done at right stage of disease

PCR

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30
Q

Dog with fever, uveitis, petechial, and ecchymosis on St. Kitts

A

Anaplasma platys

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31
Q

What is the principal cell target of Anaplasma marginale?

A

Erythrocytes

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32
Q

Host of Anaplasma marginale?

A

Ruminants

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33
Q

Transmission of Anaplasma marginales

A

Tick/flies

Blood contaminated fomites

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34
Q

T/F: calves are much more resistant to disease by Anaplasma marginale than older cattle

A

T

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35
Q

Ruminant
South eastern US
Fever, anemia, jaundice/icterus

A

Anaplasma marginale

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36
Q

What are the causative agents of tick fever in cattle?

A

Anaplasma marginale

Babesia bigemina
Babesia bovis

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37
Q

You do a necropsy and find splenomegaly in ruminant? What are your thoughts?

A

Anaplasma marginale

Not in an endemic area? Anthrax :O
Why the F are you opening up an anthrax cattle?!

38
Q

Diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale

A 
Direct stain 
FA
PCR
ELISA 
CARD test
39
Q

Control of Anaplasma marginale?

A

Tick control

Treatment of carrier cattle with long acting tetracycline

40
Q

What causes tropical pancytopenia in dogs?

A

Ehrlichia canis

41
Q

How is Ehlichia transmitted?

A

Brown dog tick

42
Q

What disease do the doggos get from Eherlichia?

A

Mononuclear and endothelial cell infection
Multi-systemic disease (acute) -> pahncytopenia (chronic)
Hemorrhage

43
Q

Dog

Weight loss, bleeding, vasculitis, epistaxis, secondary infections

A

canine ehrlichiosis

44
Q

Etiology of heart water disease

A

Ehrlichia ruminatium

45
Q

Where do you find Ehrlichia ruminantium

A

Africa

Caribbean

46
Q

What do you do if you find Eherlichia ruminantium in the US (or Canada )

A

Report. Why do you come here?!!??!?

47
Q

What cells does Eherlichia ruminatium replicate in?

A

Machrophage and endothelial cells

48
Q

Vector of E. ruminantium?

A

Ambyloma

Those dang ticks

49
Q

Who does E. ruminantium infect

A

The ruminants..

Moo
Baaa + goat
Antelope

50
Q

What signs will you see in E. ruminatium?

A

Respiratory and neurological signs

51
Q

Best way to diagnose E. ruminantium?

A

PCR

52
Q

How do you control your E. ruminantium?

A

Chemoprophylaxis

53
Q

Is neorickettsia an intracellular or extracellular bacteria

A

Intracellular… we already been through this.. the rickettsia are intracellular ..

54
Q

Who transmits neorickettsia ?

A

Trematode (flukes)

Remember that one time in parasite class?

55
Q

Neorickettsia live in the __________ cells

A

Macrophage

56
Q

What causes Potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

57
Q

Throw back to that time we learned about trematode life cycle… who is the intermediate host?

A

Snails—> horse drunk them infected waters

58
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoeca causes ______________ in the ____________________

A

Salmon poisoning; polar bears (also other animals of the Pacific Northwest… like doggos)

59
Q

You are up in the great country of Canada.. lets say Vancouver…
Doggo has…
Fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

Ugh.. its like they want us to remember all the parasite things..

60
Q

How would you diagnose your doggo with neorickettsia ?

A

Fluke eggs (should your float or sink?)
History
Geographical location

61
Q

T/ F: neorickettsia risticii is seasonal

A

T

June to October

62
Q

Horse with fever, anorexia, leukopenia, severe diarrhea, laminitis

A

Neorickettsia risticii

63
Q

How do you treat your neorickettsia infections?

A

Tetracycline

64
Q

T/F: vaccines are successful at controlling neorickettsia risticii?

A

Nope

Antigenic variation limits the value of available vaccines

65
Q

Doggo

Fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy

A

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

66
Q

How do you treat your neorickettsia helminthoeca in your doggos

A

Tetracycline for the bacteria

Praziquantel for the tremetode

67
Q

T/F: chlamydia is an facultative intracellular bacteria

A

False

Obligate intracelllar

68
Q

Chlamydia infects what cells?

A

Epithelial cells

69
Q

What are the unique features of chlamydia

A

Dimorphism life cycle
->Intracellular replicating form (reticulate body)
->Extracellular non-replicating form (elementary body)
Energy parasites (do not generate ATP)

70
Q

______________ are the infectious stage of chlamydia and can survive outside the host

A

Elementary bodies

71
Q

What are disease caused by chlamydia

A

Enteritis, abortion, polyarthritis, polyserositis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia

72
Q

What chlamydia sp is zoonotic?

A

C.psittaci

Also REPORTABLE.

73
Q

Chlamydia psittaci causes what disease?

A

Avian chlamydiosis, ornithosis, or psittacosis

Zoonotic and Reportable !!!
BSL3

74
Q

How do you diagnose a psittacosis infection

A

Giemsa stain, FA, and PCR

Isolation

Serology

75
Q

How should pisttacosis be controlled?

A

REPORT
Isolation and quarantine procedures imported birds

No vaccine :(

76
Q

Chlamydia pecorum infects what hosts? What do we call the disease?

A

Lambs and calves

Stiff lamb disease / sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (SBE)

77
Q

What does chlamydia pecorum cause in ruminants?

A

Polyarthritis

Locomotor, postural behavioral disturbances

78
Q

What is the known agent causing feline penumonitis?

A

Chlamydia felis

79
Q

What are the most common signs of chlamydia felis?

A

Conjunctivitis and rhinitis

80
Q

Who is host to chlamydia felis

A

Endemic in housecats worldwide -> low zoonotic risk

Asympotmatic carriers and shedding from repro tract

81
Q

How do you diagnose a chlamydia infeciton?

A

Cytology - special stains, FA for inclusion bodies

Culture - embryonated egg, tissue culture, animal inoculation

Serology

PCR

82
Q

How do you treat chlamydia infection?

A

Tetracycline

Drugs that affect protein or nucleic acid synthesis

  • chloramphenicol
  • macrolide
  • fluoroquinolones
  • rifampin
83
Q

What causes Q (Queensland) fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

84
Q

Who is infected by coxiella burnetii?

A

Broad host range

Cattle, sheep, and goat

More uncommon - cats and rabbit

ZOONOTIC

85
Q

T/F: coxiella burnetii is highly persistent in the environment

A

T

Has endosperm-like form

86
Q

T/F: chlamydia pecorum is a bioterrorist agent

A

False

Coxiella burnetii is a bioterroist agent

87
Q

Coxiella burnetii causes ________________ and __________ in sheep and goats

A

Placentitis and abortion

88
Q

How do you diagnose coxiella infection

A

Serology
Culture
PCR

89
Q

Treatment of coxiella?

A

Tetracycline

Fluoroquinolones

90
Q

Control of coxiella?

A

Hygiene
Education
Early diagnosis

Vaccinate humans and animals at risk

RUSVM Bacteriology (7 decks)

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