Rickettsia And Chlamydia Flashcards
Where do rickettsia and chlamydia live in the body?
Obligate intracellular
Shape of rickettsia and chlamydia
Gram neg
Coccobacilli
____________ are arthropod transmitted parasites of blood cells or endothelial cells, while _______________ are direct transmission of epithelial cells
Rickettsia; chlamydia
How are rickettsia and chlamydia infections diagnosed?
Direct stain (Buffy coat)
PCR
Serology
Cell culture
What antimicrobial are rickettsia and chlamydia susceptible to?
Tetracycline
What are the reservoirs of rickettsia?
Small mammals and rodents
What disease can rickettsia rickettsia cause in humans and dogs
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Where does rickettsia rickettsia replicate?
Endothelial cells of sm blood vessels
-> cause platelet activation, coagulation, and necrotizing vasculitis
Fever, depression, anorexia, SQ edema, petechia of mucosa , and stiff gait in a dog
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-> rickettsia rickettsia
____________ causes flea-borne spotted fever in humans, but is in apparent in cats.
Rickettsia felis
How is rickettsia felis transmitted
Cat flea
What rickettsia bacteria belong to the typhus group?
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tustasugamushi
Host of rickettsia prowazekii
All domestic animals
Human
Squirrel
Louse borne
Host of rickettsia typhi?
Murine typhus
Opossum/flea cycle
_________________ causes scrub typhus and is carried to chigger mites on birds in rodents
Orientia tustusgamushi
What are treatment methods of rickettsia infection
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol
Enrofloxacin
______________ is found in farmed fish causing major economic loss.
Piscrickettsia salmonis
Anaplasmataceae are parasites of _________________ within vertebrate hosts
Hematopoietic (bone marrow deceived cells)
How are anaplasmataceae transmitted?
On invertebrae host or vector (tick)
What species belong to the Anaplasmataceae family?
Anaplasmataceae
Eherlicia
Neorickettsia
Anaplasmataceae phagoyctophilium are found where in the host
Neutrophils
What transmits Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
Ixodes ticks
Fever, depression, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle pain in small animals
Anaplasma phagycytophilum
Mild limb edema, icterus, ataxia, DIC in horse
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
What does Anaplasma phagocytophilum cause in dog
Necrotizing small vessel vasculitis
How do we control Anaplasma phagycophilum
Tick control
How do we diagnose Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Direct stain- Buffy coat
PCR
SNAP test
Anaplasma platys infects what cells?
Platelets
Infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia
How do we diagnose Anaplasma platys
Blood smear -> seen in thrombocytes /platelets
FA -can be false negative if not done at right stage of disease
PCR
Dog with fever, uveitis, petechial, and ecchymosis on St. Kitts
Anaplasma platys
What is the principal cell target of Anaplasma marginale?
Erythrocytes
Host of Anaplasma marginale?
Ruminants
Transmission of Anaplasma marginales
Tick/flies
Blood contaminated fomites
T/F: calves are much more resistant to disease by Anaplasma marginale than older cattle
T
Ruminant
South eastern US
Fever, anemia, jaundice/icterus
Anaplasma marginale
What are the causative agents of tick fever in cattle?
Anaplasma marginale
Babesia bigemina
Babesia bovis
You do a necropsy and find splenomegaly in ruminant? What are your thoughts?
Anaplasma marginale
Not in an endemic area? Anthrax :O
Why the F are you opening up an anthrax cattle?!
Diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale
Direct stain FA PCR ELISA CARD test
Control of Anaplasma marginale?
Tick control
Treatment of carrier cattle with long acting tetracycline
What causes tropical pancytopenia in dogs?
Ehrlichia canis
How is Ehlichia transmitted?
Brown dog tick
What disease do the doggos get from Eherlichia?
Mononuclear and endothelial cell infection
Multi-systemic disease (acute) -> pahncytopenia (chronic)
Hemorrhage
Dog
Weight loss, bleeding, vasculitis, epistaxis, secondary infections
canine ehrlichiosis
Etiology of heart water disease
Ehrlichia ruminatium
Where do you find Ehrlichia ruminantium
Africa
Caribbean
What do you do if you find Eherlichia ruminantium in the US (or Canada )
Report. Why do you come here?!!??!?
What cells does Eherlichia ruminatium replicate in?
Machrophage and endothelial cells
Vector of E. ruminantium?
Ambyloma
Those dang ticks
Who does E. ruminantium infect
The ruminants..
Moo
Baaa + goat
Antelope
What signs will you see in E. ruminatium?
Respiratory and neurological signs
Best way to diagnose E. ruminantium?
PCR
How do you control your E. ruminantium?
Chemoprophylaxis
Is neorickettsia an intracellular or extracellular bacteria
Intracellular… we already been through this.. the rickettsia are intracellular ..
Who transmits neorickettsia ?
Trematode (flukes)
Remember that one time in parasite class?
Neorickettsia live in the __________ cells
Macrophage
What causes Potomac horse fever?
Neorickettsia risticii
Throw back to that time we learned about trematode life cycle… who is the intermediate host?
Snails—> horse drunk them infected waters
Neorickettsia helminthoeca causes ______________ in the ____________________
Salmon poisoning; polar bears (also other animals of the Pacific Northwest… like doggos)
You are up in the great country of Canada.. lets say Vancouver…
Doggo has…
Fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
Ugh.. its like they want us to remember all the parasite things..
How would you diagnose your doggo with neorickettsia ?
Fluke eggs (should your float or sink?)
History
Geographical location
T/ F: neorickettsia risticii is seasonal
T
June to October
Horse with fever, anorexia, leukopenia, severe diarrhea, laminitis
Neorickettsia risticii
How do you treat your neorickettsia infections?
Tetracycline
T/F: vaccines are successful at controlling neorickettsia risticii?
Nope
Antigenic variation limits the value of available vaccines
Doggo
Fever, depression, dehydration, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
How do you treat your neorickettsia helminthoeca in your doggos
Tetracycline for the bacteria
Praziquantel for the tremetode
T/F: chlamydia is an facultative intracellular bacteria
False
Obligate intracelllar
Chlamydia infects what cells?
Epithelial cells
What are the unique features of chlamydia
Dimorphism life cycle
->Intracellular replicating form (reticulate body)
->Extracellular non-replicating form (elementary body)
Energy parasites (do not generate ATP)
______________ are the infectious stage of chlamydia and can survive outside the host
Elementary bodies
What are disease caused by chlamydia
Enteritis, abortion, polyarthritis, polyserositis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia
What chlamydia sp is zoonotic?
C.psittaci
Also REPORTABLE.
Chlamydia psittaci causes what disease?
Avian chlamydiosis, ornithosis, or psittacosis
Zoonotic and Reportable !!!
BSL3
How do you diagnose a psittacosis infection
Giemsa stain, FA, and PCR
Isolation
Serology
How should pisttacosis be controlled?
REPORT
Isolation and quarantine procedures imported birds
No vaccine :(
Chlamydia pecorum infects what hosts? What do we call the disease?
Lambs and calves
Stiff lamb disease / sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (SBE)
What does chlamydia pecorum cause in ruminants?
Polyarthritis
Locomotor, postural behavioral disturbances
What is the known agent causing feline penumonitis?
Chlamydia felis
What are the most common signs of chlamydia felis?
Conjunctivitis and rhinitis
Who is host to chlamydia felis
Endemic in housecats worldwide -> low zoonotic risk
Asympotmatic carriers and shedding from repro tract
How do you diagnose a chlamydia infeciton?
Cytology - special stains, FA for inclusion bodies
Culture - embryonated egg, tissue culture, animal inoculation
Serology
PCR
How do you treat chlamydia infection?
Tetracycline
Drugs that affect protein or nucleic acid synthesis
- chloramphenicol
- macrolide
- fluoroquinolones
- rifampin
What causes Q (Queensland) fever?
Coxiella burnetii
Who is infected by coxiella burnetii?
Broad host range
Cattle, sheep, and goat
More uncommon - cats and rabbit
ZOONOTIC
T/F: coxiella burnetii is highly persistent in the environment
T
Has endosperm-like form
T/F: chlamydia pecorum is a bioterrorist agent
False
Coxiella burnetii is a bioterroist agent
Coxiella burnetii causes ________________ and __________ in sheep and goats
Placentitis and abortion
How do you diagnose coxiella infection
Serology
Culture
PCR
Treatment of coxiella?
Tetracycline
Fluoroquinolones
Control of coxiella?
Hygiene
Education
Early diagnosis
Vaccinate humans and animals at risk
