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Fun-guys Flashcards

1
Q

Where are fungi found

A

Ubiquitous in environment; decay, mold

Skin and mucous membranes: host adapted or contaminants from environment

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2
Q

What are characteristics of fungi?

A

Eukaryotes
Free living

Saphophytes (majority)
Heterotrophs (obtain carbon by consuming organisms)

Asexual reproduction, buddin through spores

Cell membrane contains terrors (ergosterol)

Plant like cell wall with gucan, mannan, and chitin

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3
Q

A unicellular mold is called

A

Yeast

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4
Q

Multicellular fungis are called

A

Molds

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5
Q

What are the fruiting bodies of a mold

A

Spores

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6
Q

Group of tangled hyphae is called

A

Mycelium

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7
Q

Morphology of yeast

A

Colony - opaque creamy smooth

Microscopic - round single cells

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8
Q

Morphology of molds

A

Colony- woolly, fluffy, powdery

Micro- tube like multicellular structures forming mycelium

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9
Q

Dimorphic fungus morphology

A

Both opaque and smooth colonies or woolly-fuffly

Yeast or hyphae depending on temp

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10
Q

The growing form of the fungus is

A

Hyphae

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11
Q

Dark pigmented hyphae are called?

A

Dematiaceous fungus

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12
Q

Non pigmented fungus is called

A

Hyaline

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13
Q

A hyphae that is divided by cell walls is called

A

Septate

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14
Q

__________ is when fungal contamination or growth on food material leads to accumulation of toxins and when consumed willl induce disease

A

Mycotoxicoses

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15
Q

__________ is when fungal spores are inhaled and induce hypersensitivity

A

Allergy

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16
Q

Environmental fungal organisms infects who mainly?

A

Immunocompromised

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17
Q

T/F: fungal infections usually induce chronic granulomatous infection

A

True

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18
Q

Superficial fungal infections are limited to?

A

Outermost layers of skin and hair

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19
Q

Cutaneous fungal infections are localized where?

A

Deeper into epidermis and are invasive to hair and nails

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20
Q

Why do we have few antimicrobial agents to treat fungus?

A

Fungus is eukaryotic, usually anything that targets them will also target the host –> need to find very specific targets

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21
Q

Subcutaneous fungal infections are localized where?

A

Dermis, and subcutaneous tissue , muscle and fascia

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22
Q

__________ fungal infections usually originate in the lungs but spread to many other organisms

A

Systemic

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23
Q

What are ways to diagnose fungal disease

A

Morphological recognition
-cytology, histopatholgoy, wet mount

Clinical specimens
-Beta D-glucan assay (general component of cell wall)

Host immune resposne
-agar gel immunodiffusion, ELISA

Culture and ID

PCR

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24
Q

What sp most commonly get crytococcus infection

A

Cats
Minnie mitten
Simon Norman

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25
What is the routine stain used for histopathology of fungus
H and E Yes or no there is a fungus
26
What is used to find ringworm ?
KOH on hair
27
Chitin is stained by ?
Calcoflour -> need UV microscope
28
How do you culture fungus
Special medial and growth cond Low temp under aerobic conditions Fungal medial Sabouraud dextrose agar (classic fungal medium) Sabouraud dextrose with cyclohesimide -> inhibit saprophytic mold -> see only pathogenic fungi Low pH
29
How are fungus identified
``` Growth characteriris Microscopic appearance Biochemical characteristic Hyphae characterisitic Type of asexual sporulation Characteristics of spores ```
30
What is the main antifungal drug we use ?
Polyenes - inhibit ergosterol Amphoterocin B
31
Griseofluvin has antifungal activity by inhibiting what?
Mitotic spindles -> mitosis Accumulate in keratin layer -> for ringworm (dermatophytosis) Oral
32
Polymers, anoles, and allylamines all inhibit__________
Ergosterol
33
Antifungal susceptibility tests
Broth dilution Disk diffusion Few labs Interpretive breakpoints for only a few drugs
34
Most fungal lesions are ???
Granulomatous
35
What immune reponse does the host produce against fungus?
Extracellular - Ab (usually not productive) Intracellular -cell mediated Most fungus are extracellular but can invade macrophages
36
What are dermatophytes?
``` Superficial mycosis (ringworm or tinea) Keratinotrophic ```
37
Are dermatophytes invasive?
Generally noninvasive, superficial infection
38
Who is predisposed to dermatophytosis?
``` Youth Poor nutrition High humidity Rubbing Low UV light (fall/winter in cattle) ``` Highly contagious!
39
T/F: dermatophytes are zoonotic
True
40
What are the common dermatophytes ?
``` Microsporum canis, M.audouinii, M.gypsium (dog, cat, human) Microsporum nanum (pig) ``` ``` Trichophyton mentarrophytes (broad host range) Trichophyton verrucosum (cattle) Trichophyton equinum (horses) ```
41
What is ringworm? And what are the classic lesions?
A non-invasive benign infection that is highly contagious caused by dermatophytes Slowly expanding circular area of alopecia and desquamated epithelium Central hair regrowth, inflamed edge. Opens multiple sized lesions
42
Trichophyton verrucosum causes _________ in what species
Ringworm ; cattle
43
Ringworm in cats and dogs are usually caused by what dermatophytes?
Microsporum canis | Microsporum gypsium
44
What dermatophytes has a wide host range?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
45
___________________ is a nodular lesion caused by dermatophytes, which is a localized/generalized folliculitis
Kerion
46
_____________ is a subcutaneous nodule caused by microsporum canis
Pesudomycetoma
47
How is ringworm diagnosed?
Clinical species ID Woods lamp detection -> fluorescence (M. Canis) Wet mount with 10% KOH -> see spores (ectothrix or endothrix for species ID)
48
How should you collect a sample for testing dermatophytosis?
Disinfect the area with 70% alcohol Use forceps for hair Scalpel blades for tissue Curette for nails Clean pill pack or small container with loose cap (decrease Culture media-> directly inoculated
49
What stain do you use for dermatophytes?
Lectophenol cotton blue staining
50
T/F: fungi are always multicellular
False
51
What causes avian ringworm?
Microsporum gallinae (favus) Yeast - unicellular Mold- multicellular
52
How do you treat ringworm?
``` Spontaneous recovery Hygiene, environmental treatment Isolation Clip hair Wash/sprays - lime sulfur, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine ``` Azol (ketoconazole, itraconzole, miconazole ect..) Natamycin Terbinafine Grisofluvin
53
Mycolic acid is found in _________
Mycobacterium
54
What is the MOA of Griseofulvin and what is the ONLY fungal infection that they treat?
Accumulate in keratinocytes and inhibits fungal DNA synthesis Dermatophytes
55
Are vaccines available for ringworm?
Yes in Cat and Cow!
56
Ketoconazole is and enzyme (inducer/inhibitor). What might this mean for other drugs
Inhibitor. Prolonged half life.. What a pharmacology question in the mycology course? how dare you!
57
What are the three groups of dermatophytes?
Anthropophilic- human reservoir Zoophilic -animal reservoir Geopolitical- soil/environment reservoir
58
Folliculitis can be a non-classic lesion of ringworm in dogs, these can b due to secondary infections.. what is most likely the bacteria?
``` Streptococcus pseudintermedius #tbt ```
59
T/F: woods lamp only is effective to find one species of dermatophytes?
True Mycosporum canis
60
Who is the asymptomatic carrier of microsporum canis
Kitty kitty cat Now you cant keep your Baileys with your Simons and Minnies...

RUSVM Bacteriology (7 decks)

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