Mycoplasma

Question 1

Mycoplasma live where in the body?

Answer 1

Inhabit mucous membranes of respiratory and repro tract - obligate parasites
Hemotrophic sp-> RBC
Affinity to ciliated epithelium

Question 2

What do mollicutes colonies look like when grown in vitro

Answer 2

Fried egg appearance

Question 3

What are the characteristics of mycoplasma?

Answer 3

Smallest free living bacteria

No cell wall
-> not seen on gram stain
-> susceptible to drying
> not susceptible to penicillin

Small genome

Question 4

Mycoplasma belong to the class_____________

Answer 4

Mollicutes ‘soft skin’

Question 5

How is mycoplasma transmitted?

Answer 5

Close direct contact

Question 6

What are the 3 important members of mycoplasma

Answer 6

Mycoplasma -pathogen and commenal
Ureplasam -pathogen and commensal
Acholeplasma -commensal

Question 7

Mycoplasma leads to important predisposition of

Answer 7

Secondary bacterial infection

Question 8

How do mycoplasma evade the immuno system

Answer 8

Antigenic mimicry by absorbing host cell antigens

Persist by antigenic variation

Question 9

How do mycoplasma cause damage

Answer 9

Direct - peroxidation, complement/AB lysis

Indirect - superantigenic immunomoducation

Question 10

How is mycoplasma isolated in the lab

Answer 10

Specialized culture
Serum rich media
Colonies are not visible to naked eye

PCR, MADI TOF for subculture

Question 11

What mycoplasma can infect swine?

Answer 11

M. Hyopneumoniae
M. Hyorhinis
M. Hyosynoviae
M. Suis

Question 12

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes _________________ of swine

Answer 12

Enzootic pneumonia of swine

Question 13

Swine

Chronic respiratory disease 
No productive count
Unthrifty 
Decreased weight gain 
High morbidity

Answer 13

M. Hyopneumniae

Question 14

M. Hyopenuoniae has ____________ activity that produces hyperplasia BALT

Answer 14

Mitogenic activity

Aka cuffing pneumonia

Question 15

How do you prevent M. Hyopneumoniae?

Answer 15

Control SPF herd
Biosecurty
Monitor at slaughter
Immunization

Secondary bacterial infection

• > pasturella
• > hemophilus
• > actinobacillus

Question 16

What are the mycoplasma of cattle

Answer 16

M mycoides subsp mycoides
M bovis
Ureaplasma diversum
M bovoculi

Question 17

Mycoplasma mycoides sub mycoides causes what disease?

Answer 17

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

M mycoides subsp mycoides

Question 18

T/F: mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides is reportable

Answer 18

T

Question 19

What is the most virulent mycoplasma of cattle?

Answer 19

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides

Question 20

Cattle

Respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy

Necropsy -> marbled apprerance of lung due to edema of the interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate on surface

Answer 20

Contagious bovine pleuropheumonia

Question 21

Mycoplasma bovis causes infection of?

Answer 21

Upper respiratory tract

Mastitis

Question 22

What disease is caused by mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 22

Bronchopneumonia

Bovine respiratory disease compels

Question 23

Cattle

Mastitis causing decreased milk production, thickened milk with watery/purulent secretions, swollen udder, and arthritis/swollen joints.

Answer 23

Mycoplasma bovis

Question 24

_________________ can be normal commensal organisms of the lower urogenital tracts of the cow

Answer 24

Ureplasma diversum

Question 25

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium is a commensal of where?

Answer 25

Bovigenitaliusm ... A solid guess would be bovine genitals Seminal vesiculitis in bull Granular uveitis, vaginitis, endometritis, and abortions in cows

Question 26

What mycoplasma are in goats

Answer 26

M. Capricolum subsp caprpneumoniae M. Agalactiae and (m. Putrefaciens)

Question 27

M. Capricolum subsp capripnumoniae causes what disease?

Answer 27

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia Fatal REPORTABLE

Question 28

What are the 4 avian mycoplasmas ?

Answer 28

M. Gallisepticum REPORTABLE M. Synoviae REPORTABLE M. Melegridis (mainly in turkey) M. Iowae (mainly in turkey)

Question 29

In your chicken and turkey farm you see.. Coughing, nasal discharge, tracheal rales, sinusitis with production of thick mucous exudate, and decreased egg production What is this

Answer 29

M. Gallisepticum

Question 30

M. Meleagridis and M. Iowae cause what in turkeys?

Answer 30

Respiratory disease, skeletal deformities, and decreased egg hatachability

Question 31

Chickens and turkeys with synovitis resulting in lameness, swelling of joints, and retarded growth

Answer 31

M. Synoviae

Question 32

Cats with mild respiratory infections and mycoides conjunctivitis. Who else can get this?

Answer 32

M. Felis Horses -> selflimiting pleuritis

Question 33

Cats with arthritis and subcutaneous abscess

Answer 33

M. Gatae

Question 34

Dog urogenital tract disease in males and females

Answer 34

M. Canis

Question 35

Sheep with pneumonia secondary to other bacteria

Answer 35

M. Ovipneuomoniae

Question 36

Horse with lower airway disease causing pleural effusions. What is causing this? What secondary infection is the horse predisposed to?

Answer 36

M. Felis Secondary - S. zooepidemicus

Question 37

How do you diagnose a mycoplasma infection?

Answer 37

Culture- > difficult requiring special media Species specific serology

Question 38

How do you treat a mycoplasma infection

Answer 38

Antimicrobials Macrolides Tetracyclines Linocosamide Fluoroquinolones

Question 39

How do you control mycoplasma infection?

Answer 39

Test and cull Biosecurity Vaccination (limited-- swine, CBPP, M.bovis, and poultry) Control risk factors-> concurrent infections

Question 40

What is the principle target of mycoplasma hemofelis

Answer 40

RBC

Question 41

What disease is caused by mycoplasma hemofelis?

Answer 41

Feline infectious anemia

Question 42

Who is infected by mycoplasma hemofelis

Answer 42

``` Simon Norman Minnie Mitten (these are the cats) ``` Not Bailey (butt) Winston (the dog)

Question 43

Cat | Fever, anemia, depression, weakness, icterus

Answer 43

Mycoplasma hemofelis

Question 44

Who is infected by mycoplasma hemosuis and what is the main target?

Answer 44

Swine | RBC

Question 45

Pig | Fever, anemia, weakness, icterus

Answer 45

Mycoplasma hemosuis Outbreaks are associated with periods of stress

Question 46

Who is infected with M. Hemocanis

Answer 46

Doggo

Question 47

How do you diagnose a hemoplasma?

Answer 47

CBC, coombs test Blood smear PCR

Question 48

How do you treat a hemoplasma infection

Answer 48

Antimicrobials Blood transfusion Corticosteroids IV glucose

Question 49

How do you control hemoplasma

Answer 49

Isolate and cull infected animals Control invertebrate vectors (tick, flea, louse) Test blood donors