Mycoplasma Flashcards
Mycoplasma live where in the body?
Inhabit mucous membranes of respiratory and repro tract - obligate parasites
Hemotrophic sp-> RBC
Affinity to ciliated epithelium
What do mollicutes colonies look like when grown in vitro
Fried egg appearance
What are the characteristics of mycoplasma?
Smallest free living bacteria
No cell wall
-> not seen on gram stain
-> susceptible to drying
> not susceptible to penicillin
Small genome
Mycoplasma belong to the class_____________
Mollicutes ‘soft skin’
How is mycoplasma transmitted?
Close direct contact
What are the 3 important members of mycoplasma
Mycoplasma -pathogen and commenal
Ureplasam -pathogen and commensal
Acholeplasma -commensal
Mycoplasma leads to important predisposition of
Secondary bacterial infection
How do mycoplasma evade the immuno system
Antigenic mimicry by absorbing host cell antigens
Persist by antigenic variation
How do mycoplasma cause damage
Direct - peroxidation, complement/AB lysis
Indirect - superantigenic immunomoducation
How is mycoplasma isolated in the lab
Specialized culture
Serum rich media
Colonies are not visible to naked eye
PCR, MADI TOF for subculture
What mycoplasma can infect swine?
M. Hyopneumoniae
M. Hyorhinis
M. Hyosynoviae
M. Suis
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes _________________ of swine
Enzootic pneumonia of swine
Swine
Chronic respiratory disease No productive count Unthrifty Decreased weight gain High morbidity
M. Hyopneumniae
M. Hyopenuoniae has ____________ activity that produces hyperplasia BALT
Mitogenic activity
Aka cuffing pneumonia
How do you prevent M. Hyopneumoniae?
Control SPF herd
Biosecurty
Monitor at slaughter
Immunization
Secondary bacterial infection
- > pasturella
- > hemophilus
- > actinobacillus
What are the mycoplasma of cattle
M mycoides subsp mycoides
M bovis
Ureaplasma diversum
M bovoculi
Mycoplasma mycoides sub mycoides causes what disease?
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
M mycoides subsp mycoides
T/F: mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides is reportable
T
What is the most virulent mycoplasma of cattle?
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides
Cattle
Respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy
Necropsy -> marbled apprerance of lung due to edema of the interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate on surface
Contagious bovine pleuropheumonia
Mycoplasma bovis causes infection of?
Upper respiratory tract
Mastitis
What disease is caused by mycoplasma bovis?
Bronchopneumonia
Bovine respiratory disease compels
Cattle
Mastitis causing decreased milk production, thickened milk with watery/purulent secretions, swollen udder, and arthritis/swollen joints.
Mycoplasma bovis
_________________ can be normal commensal organisms of the lower urogenital tracts of the cow
Ureplasma diversum
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium is a commensal of where?
Bovigenitaliusm …
A solid guess would be bovine genitals
Seminal vesiculitis in bull
Granular uveitis, vaginitis, endometritis, and abortions in cows
What mycoplasma are in goats
M. Capricolum subsp caprpneumoniae
M. Agalactiae and (m. Putrefaciens)
M. Capricolum subsp capripnumoniae causes what disease?
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
Fatal
REPORTABLE
What are the 4 avian mycoplasmas ?
M. Gallisepticum REPORTABLE
M. Synoviae REPORTABLE
M. Melegridis (mainly in turkey)
M. Iowae (mainly in turkey)
In your chicken and turkey farm you see..
Coughing, nasal discharge, tracheal rales, sinusitis with production of thick mucous exudate, and decreased egg production
What is this
M. Gallisepticum
M. Meleagridis and M. Iowae cause what in turkeys?
Respiratory disease, skeletal deformities, and decreased egg hatachability
Chickens and turkeys with synovitis resulting in lameness, swelling of joints, and retarded growth
M. Synoviae
Cats with mild respiratory infections and mycoides conjunctivitis. Who else can get this?
M. Felis
Horses -> selflimiting pleuritis
Cats with arthritis and subcutaneous abscess
M. Gatae
Dog urogenital tract disease in males and females
M. Canis
Sheep with pneumonia secondary to other bacteria
M. Ovipneuomoniae
Horse with lower airway disease causing pleural effusions. What is causing this? What secondary infection is the horse predisposed to?
M. Felis
Secondary - S. zooepidemicus
How do you diagnose a mycoplasma infection?
Culture- > difficult requiring special media
Species specific serology
How do you treat a mycoplasma infection
Antimicrobials
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Linocosamide
Fluoroquinolones
How do you control mycoplasma infection?
Test and cull
Biosecurity
Vaccination (limited– swine, CBPP, M.bovis, and poultry)
Control risk factors-> concurrent infections
What is the principle target of mycoplasma hemofelis
RBC
What disease is caused by mycoplasma hemofelis?
Feline infectious anemia
Who is infected by mycoplasma hemofelis
Simon Norman Minnie Mitten (these are the cats)
Not Bailey (butt) Winston (the dog)
Cat
Fever, anemia, depression, weakness, icterus
Mycoplasma hemofelis
Who is infected by mycoplasma hemosuis and what is the main target?
Swine
RBC
Pig
Fever, anemia, weakness, icterus
Mycoplasma hemosuis
Outbreaks are associated with periods of stress
Who is infected with M. Hemocanis
Doggo
How do you diagnose a hemoplasma?
CBC, coombs test
Blood smear
PCR
How do you treat a hemoplasma infection
Antimicrobials
Blood transfusion
Corticosteroids
IV glucose
How do you control hemoplasma
Isolate and cull infected animals
Control invertebrate vectors (tick, flea, louse)
Test blood donors
