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ECOS II Exam 2 > Ribs Supplement > Flashcards

Ribs Supplement Flashcards

1
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A
  • Inferior costal facet of the vertebra above
  • Superior costal facet of its own vertebra

(Only ribs 2-9)

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2
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

The transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

(Only ribs 1-10)

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3
Q

Which ribs only articulate with their own vertebra and not the one above?

A

Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12

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4
Q

Which ribs do not have tubercles and cannot articulate with transverse processes of the corresponding vertebrae?

A

Ribs 11, 12

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5
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

Ribs 1, 2, (maybe 10), 11, and 12

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6
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

Ribs 3-9

Sometimes 10

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7
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?

Why are they called true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

Cartilage attaches to sternum

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8
Q

Which ribs are false ribs?

Why are they called false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-12

Cartilage attaches to the costal cartilage of the rib above

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9
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

Ribs 11-12

No anterior attachment

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10
Q

What muscles insert onto the first rib and are responsible for elevating it?

A

Anterior Scalene

Middle Scalene

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11
Q

What muscle inserts onto the second rib and elevates it?

A

Posterior scalene

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12
Q

What muscle are found on rib 3-5?

A

Pectoralis Minor Muscle

  • Origin: Anterior superior surface of ribs 3-5
  • Insertion: Medial pectoral nerve
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13
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Stabilizes the scapula, drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly

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14
Q

What muscles correspond with ribs 6-8?

A

Serratuos Anterior

  • Origin: Anterior surface of the medial border of scapula
  • Insertion: superior lateral surface of ribs 2-8
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15
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Protracts the scapula

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16
Q

What muscles correspond to ribs 9-10?

A

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

  • Origin: Spinous processes of T7-S3 and lower 4 ribs
  • Insertion: intertubercular/bicipital groove of the humerus
17
Q

What is the action of the Latissmus Dorsi Muscle?

A

Extends, adducts, medially rotates the humerus

18
Q

What muscles correspond to ribs 11-12?

A

Quadratus Lumborum

  • Origin: Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
  • Insertion: inferior aspect of rib 12, TPs of L1-4
19
Q

What is the action of the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle?

A

Fixes the 12th rib in inhalation

Extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column

20
Q

What does the external intercostal muscles do?

A

Forced and quiet inhalation by elevating ribs

21
Q

What is the action of internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Fored exhalation via depression of ribs

22
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm?

A

Descends during inspiration

23
Q

Where are the intercostal vessels found and how are they oriented?

A

Located between internal and innermost intercostal muscles on inferior side of the rib

  • Vein: most superior
  • Artery: middle
  • Nerve: inferior
24
Q

Which ribs have bucket handle motion?

Describe the motion.

A
  • Ribs 1-2, 8-10
  • Moves superiorly and laterally, increasing transverse diamater on AP axis.
25
Q

What are the 5 motions of the ribs?

A
  • Bucket Handle
  • Pump Handle
  • Caliper
  • Torsional
  • Non-physiologic
26
Q

Which ribs have pump handle motion?

Describe the motion.

A
  • Ribs 3-7
  • Moves superiorly and anteriorly, increasing AP diameter on transverse axis
27
Q

What motion is performed by Ribs 11-12 during respiration?

Describe the motion.

A

Caliper

  • Inhalation: down and posterior
  • Exhalation: up and anterior
28
Q

What occurs during torsional movement of the ribs?

A

Respiration is restricted on the side the vertebra is rotated towards because ribs have been flattened

29
Q

What causes non-physiologic motion of the ribs?

A
  • Trauma/repetitive microtrauma
  • Rib becomes subluxed anterior/posterior or laterally compressed
    • create abnormally hypermobile ribs with the rib being carried more either anteriorly or posteriorly along the axis of motion between the costovertebral and the costotransverse articulations
  • One or more ribs lose the usual plasticity and become restricted in a defromed state
30
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Incomplete or partial dislocation of joint or organ

31
Q

What are the respiratory motions that can cause rib somatic dysfunction?

A

Inhilation restriction and exhalation restriction

  • Bucket handle
  • Pump handle
  • Caliper
32
Q

What are the structural motions that can cause rib somatic dysfunction?

A

Anterior and posterior subluxation

Superior subluxation of the first rib

Anteroposterior compression

Lateral compression

Torsion

  • Torsional
  • Non-physiologic
33
Q

Describe inahlation somatic dysfunction.

A

Ribs are a in a position where motion toward inhalation is more free and motion toward exhalation is restricted.

34
Q

Describe exahlation somatic dysfunction.

A

Ribs are a in a position where motion toward exhalation is more free and motion toward inhalation is restricted.

35
Q

When treating a grouped inhalation somatic dysfunction, which rib is the key rib for treatment?

A

Bottom rib

36
Q

When treating a grouped exhalation somatic dysfunction, which rib is the key rib for treatment?

A

TOp rib

37
Q

What are some typical causes of rib dysfunction?

A
  • Thoracic scoliosis/kyphosis
  • Rib cage asymmetry (pectus excavatum/carinatum)
  • Osteoporosis/osteoarthritis
  • Increased chest wall diameter associated with illness such as COPD
  • Abnormal tension in cervical, rotator cuff, or shoulder girdle musculature
  • Lifestyle (slumping and depression)
38
Q

What are the two muscle energy principles used to treat rib somatic disfunctions?

A

Respiratory assistance

  • muscular forces involved in these techniques are generated by the simple act of breathing. Physician applies a fulcrum against which the respiratory forces can work

Using muscle forces to move one region of the body achieve movement of another bone or region

  • stabilizing one attachment, the other attachment pulls superiorly on clavicle, alleviating the SD
39
Q

When T5 is rotated to the left (on T6)

A

Left 6th rib:

  • Posterior aspect turns externally
  • Anterior extremity more flat with its inferior border sharp

Right 6th rib:

  • Posterior aspect rib turns internally
  • Anterior extremity having its superior margin accentuated

Caused by articulation at the inferior costal facet

ECOS II Exam 2 (34 decks)

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