Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECOS II Exam 2 > (L2) Lower Respiratory Complaint (Stewart) > Flashcards

(L2) Lower Respiratory Complaint (Stewart) Flashcards

1
Q 
Definitions:
Hypopnea:
Bradypnea:
Hyperpnea:
Tacypnea:
Dyspnea:
Hypoxia:
Hypoxemia:
Apnea:
Atelectasis:
Pleximeter finger:
Plexor finger:
A

Hypopnea: decreased depth and rate of respiration

Bradypnea: Regular rhythm but slower then normal rate (<14)

Hyperpnea: increased depth of breathing and rate of respiration

Tacypnea: Rapid breathing

Dyspnea: feeling short of breath

Hypoxia: Deficiency in amount of O2 reaching the tissues

Hypoxemia: Oxygen deficiency in the arterial blood

Apnea: no breathing

Atelectasis: collapse of lung tissue that affects the alveoli from normal O2 absorption

Pleximeter finger: hyperextended middle finger of non dominant hand in percussion

Plexor finger: tapping finger, dominant hand for percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is a needle thoracentesis inserted?

where is a chest tube inserted?

where does the neurovascular bundle run?

A

Needle thoracentesis
- 2nd intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Chest tube insertion:
- 4th intercostal space at mid or anterior axillary line in the 4th intercostal space just superior to the margin of the 5th rib

Neurovascular bundle:

  • runs along the inferior margins of each rib
  • chest tubes and needles need to be placed over the superior margin of the rib to avoid the bundle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some important questions to ask when a patient presents with an respiratory CC?

A
  • ask about events leading up to the episode
  • may have been caused by non adherence with medications
  • high salt diet may lead to CHF
  • exposure to cold or an allergen may trigger an asthma flare
  • acute dyspnea immediately following a meal suggests an allergic reaction
  • a new productive cough may suggest a pulmonary infection
  • recent surgery may increase risk for pulmonary embolism
  • recent trauma can be for a pneumothorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the order of the physical exam for the lower respiratory track?

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

Vital signs is number one and make sure to get oxygen saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the pulse oximetry

A

measures the peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2)

  • standard for continuous, noninvasive assessment of good oxygenation
  • make sure the curve associated with it is more straight then bumpy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what may cause a bad wave form for the pulse oximetry?

A
  • improper placement
  • hypo-perfusion
  • hypothermia (due to the peripheral vasoconstriction)
  • motion artifact
  • poor limb perfusion from extremity elevation, vasoconstriction, or peripheral vascular disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is end tidal CO2

A

Capnography: non-evasive measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 in exhaled breath as the CO2 concentration overtime

EtCO2 = concentration of CO2 in exhaled air at the end of respiration

This measures ventilation of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does it mean if the skin color appears cyanosis

A

bluish, means sign of hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does a tracheal deviation indicative of on an X ray exam?

A
  • Pneumothorax (tension or non-tension)
  • Pleural effusion
  • Atelectasis
  • or a mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are causes of clubbing of an individuals fingers?

A
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Lung abscess
  • Malignancy (lung cancer)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is Pectus excavatum

A

funnel chest

may cause depression of great vessels, heart or lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is pectus Carnitum?

A

Pigeon chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is barrel chest?

A

increased AP diameter resembling a barrel seen in COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pink puffer vs a Blue BLoater?

A

Pink Puffer: Emphysema

BLue Bloater: Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is Traumatic Flail chest

A

multiple rib fractures that may result in paradoxial movement of the thorax

  • on inspiration the injured area caves inward and on expiration it moves outward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is significant about accessory muscle use?

A

Respiratory distress to help the individual breathe

  • can see in Asthma, COPD, airway obstruction ,viral illness (RSV)
17
Q

What is a process of palpation of a lung exam?

A
  • Check rib motion with thoracic expansion (placing thumbs at the level of the 10th ribs
  • look for areas of tenderness
  • OMM treatments
    (Doming the diaphragm, rib raising-helps normalize sympathetic nervous system, tapotement, thoracic pump, helps with atelctasis)
18
Q

What is tactile fremitus and what does it mean if it is decreased or increased

A

feeling for palpable vibrations when an individual says “99”

Decreased:

  • COPD
  • Pleural changes, effusions, fibrosis, Air

Increased:
- Pneumonia (consolidation)

19
Q

when percussing, what should be heard and what is heard if abnormal?

A

Resonance is healthy percussion

Dullness:
- fluid or solid tissue

Bilateral hyper-resonance suggest?

  • heard with hyper-inflated lungs,
  • COPD
  • Asthma

Unilateral hyper-resonance suggest?

  • large pneumothorax
  • large air-filled in lung

Tympanic: think abdomen

20
Q

what is the Diaphramatic excursion?

A

determining where the diaphragm is during inhalation and exhalation
- right is normally slightly higher due to the liver

asymmetry with diaphragm

  • Pleural effusion
  • high diaphragm secondary to atelectasis or phrenic nerve paralysis
21
Q

when auscultating what must the patient do?

A

must breath through the mouth

make sure to be on skin

use the diaphragm of the stethoscope

22
Q

what are the normal breath sounds?

A
  • Vesicular
  • Bronchovesicular
  • Bronchial
  • Tracheal

these differ based on what anatomical structure you are over

23
Q

what are abnormal/adventitious lung sounds?

A
  • stridor
  • wheezes (rhonchi - low pitched wheezes)
  • crackles (rales)
24
Q

what is a common cause for stridor?

A

Result from narrowing in the upper airway

Common causes:

  • croup
  • epiglottitis
  • upper airway foreign body
  • anaphylaxes
25
Q

what are common causes for wheezing?

A

Generally an expiratory sound but can be inspiratory, continuous musical sounds

Common causes

  • reactive airway disease
  • Asthma
  • COPD
26
Q

what are common causes of crackles in the lungs?

A

An inspiratory sound

Continuous musical sounds

Common causes:

  • pneumonia
  • CHF
  • Atelectasis
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • Bronchiectasis
  • COPD
  • Asthma
27
Q

what is Atelectasis?

A

The loss of lung volume due to collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

can be sween pist surgery

Incentive spirometer can help with treatment and prevention

28
Q

what are the vocal resonance normal and abnormal findings?

A

Normal:

  • words are muffled and indistinct to auscultate
  • whispered words are faint and indistinct, if heard at all
  • when patient says see you hear a long muffled E

Abnormal:

  • Distinctness increased with lung consolidation
  • Bronchophony- spoken words get louder
  • whispered pectoriloquy: whispered words are louder and clearer during auscultation
  • egophony: when patient says see it sounds like A
29
Q

what is the Pulmonary function test used for?

A
  • non invasive
  • show how well the lungs are working
  • diagnose certain lung disorders
  • obstructive vs restrictive
30
Q

How can spirometry be used as a PFT?

A

measures the lung function

amount and speed of air inhaled and exhaled

  • diagnose conditions
  • obstructive vs restrictive
31
Q

What is Cheyne-Strokes breathing?

A

A type of abnormal breathing characterized by a gradual increase in breathing, and then a decrease. This pattern is followed by a period of apnea where breathing temporarily stops. The cycle then repeats itself.

32
Q

What is Kussmaul breathing?

A

Abnormal respiratory pattern. Deep, rapid breathing. Seen in patients with metabolic acidosis (DKA).

33
Q

What is pursed lip breathing?

A

Maintains the pressure within the lungs for more time for gas exchange

34
Q

What is a pleural effusion and what causes it?

A

Pus that collects in pleural space from CHF, pneumonia, malignancies and PE

Transudate: fluid leaking (fluid leaking form blood vessels)

Exudates (fluid leaks from inflammation of the pleura and lung)

35
Q

What is empyema?

A

Abscess in the lung parenchyma

Requires drainage (chest tube)

Can collect in pleural space (pleural effusion)

36
Q

What is normal PETCO2?

What is normal PaCO2?

A

35-40mmHG

35-45mmHG

ECOS II Exam 2 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions