Rhythm Disturbances

Question 1

Is the QRS positive or negative in lead II in small animals?

Answer 1

Positive

Question 2

Which ECG lead to you use to interpret heart function of a small animal?

Answer 2

Lead II

Question 3

Sinus arrest/lack of electrical activity that causes syncopy

Answer 3

Sick sinus syndrome

Question 4

What breeds are predisposed to sick sinus syndrome?

Answer 4

Westies, schnauzers, cockers

Question 5

What e-lyte abnormality causes atrial standstill?

Answer 5

Hyperkalemia

Question 6

What are ECG signs of hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

Tented T-wave, no P-wave, wide QRS

Question 7

What are common conditions that cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 7

Urinary blocked cats or Addisonian dogs

Question 8

Prolonged PR interval

Answer 8

1* AV block

Question 9

Some P-wave don’t have QRS

Answer 9

2* AV block

Question 10

No assoc. between P and QRS + escape beats

Answer 10

3* AV block

Question 11

Which 2* AV block is assoc. w/progressively lengthening PR before a dropped QRS?

Answer 11

Mobitz I (Wenckenbach)

Question 12

Which 2* AV block is assoc. w/a consistent PR interval with dropped QRS complexes?

Answer 12

Mobitz II

Question 13

2* AV blocks are normal in a horse and commonly seen after administration of what drug?

Answer 13

Xylazine

Question 14

What is a 2* AV Mobitz I block a clinical sign of?

Answer 14

High vagal tone

Question 15

How can you treat a 2* AV Mobitz I block?

Answer 15

Atropine/glycopyrrolate

Question 16

No P-waves w/tall T-waves indicate what arrhythmia?

Answer 16

Atrial standstill (hyperkalemia)

Question 17

Wide and bizarre ventricular complexes but no AV assoc.

Answer 17

3* AV block (escape beats)

Question 18

What can cause a VPC?

Answer 18

Heart dz, GDV, splenic disease, hypokalemia

Question 19

What will an ECG show with a VPC?

Answer 19

Normal AV assoc. w/wide and bizarre QRS complex

Question 20

How do you treat VPCs?

Answer 20

Lidocaine

Question 21

What is the MoA of lidocaine?

Answer 21

Na channel blocker

Question 22

Short R-R w/QRS that looks like a sinus beat

Answer 22

APCs

Question 23

What causes APCs?

Answer 23

Heart disease causing atrial stretch

Question 24

Irregular/absent P-waves

Answer 24

Atrial fibrillation

Question 25

Washing machine murmur

Answer 25

Atrial fibrillation

Question 26

What will you see with electrical alternans on ECG?

Answer 26

Varying height of every other R wave

Question 27

Tall P wave indicates enlargement of which atrium?

Answer 27

R atrium

Question 28

Wide P waves indicate enlargement of which atrium?

Answer 28

L atrium

Question 29

Tall R waves indicate enlargement of which ventricle?

Answer 29

L ventricle

Question 30

What do you call a string of APCs in a row?

Answer 30

Atrial tachycardia

Question 31

Why is V-tach considered an emergency?

Answer 31

Can lead to V-fib

Question 32

How do you treat ventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 32

Lidocaine