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Cardio > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life span of a platelet?

A

5-10d

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2
Q

How quickly does a platelet plug form?

A

Within 5min

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3
Q

What are platelets attracted to in vascular endothelium when it is disrupted?

A

Collagen

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4
Q

What are the three reactions that platelets undergo when they come in contact with collagen?

A

Adhesion and shape change, aggregation, secretion

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5
Q

Exposure of subendothelium and platelet adhesion depends on what factor?

A

von Willebrand factor

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6
Q

When platelets are activated, what do they do?

A

Attach to each other and release chemotactic factors

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7
Q

What is the coagulation cascade?

A

Series of reactions leading to fibrin clot formation

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8
Q

Cross-linking fibrin, trapping RBCs, plasma, and PLTs w/in platelet plug

A

Coagulation cascade (fibrin clot)

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9
Q

What becomes absorbed to fibrin fibers as they develop?

A

Thrombin

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10
Q

What does anti-thrombin in the blood stream do?

A

Inactivates thrombin and prevents excessive clotting

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11
Q

What can bind to anti-thrombin and make it more potent to prevent coagulation?

A

Heparin

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12
Q

How will mucous membranes of a hemodynamically compromised patient appear?

A

Petechiation, echymosis, bleeding

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13
Q

What are the key tests in assessment of primary hemostasis?

A

PLT count and bleeding time

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14
Q

At what PLT level do dogs and cats have spontaneous bleeding?

A

<30k/uL

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15
Q

What is normal buccal mucosal bleeding time?

A

<4min

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16
Q

What are the two most common tests used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway?

A

Activated clotting time (ACT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

17
Q

What is normal ACT?

A

60-90sec

18
Q

Measures time required for fibrin clot formation in fresh whole blood

A

Activated clotting time

19
Q

What pathways does ACT and aPTT test?

A

Intrinsic and common pathways

20
Q

What test can you to to evaluate the extrinsic pathway?

A

Prothrombin time (PT)

21
Q

Which pathway is Factor 7 part of?

A

Extrinsic pathway

22
Q

Why is factor 7 most reliable for measuring hemostasis?

A

Shortest half-life

23
Q

What are Vit K dependent coag factors?

A

2, 7, 9, 10

24
Q

What is platelet dysfunction most commonly due to?

A

Low concentration of vW factor

25
Q

Which dog breed is most predisposed to platelet dysfunction d/t low vWf?

A

Doberman pinscher

26
Q

What is the inheritability of vWf deficiency?

A

Autosomal dominant

27
Q

How do you treat PLT dysfunction d/t vWf deficiency?

A

DDAVP

28
Q

What are x-linked factor deficiencies?

A

Hemophilia A and B

29
Q

What factor is deficient with Hemophilia A?

A

Factor 8

30
Q

What factor is deficient with Hemophilia B?

A

Factor 9

31
Q

What coag tests are elevated with Vit K deficiency (rodenticide tox)?

A

PT and PTT

32
Q

How do you treat Vit K deficiency?

A

Vit K1 for 4wk

33
Q

What factors are part of the common pathways?

A

2 x 5 x 1 = 10

34
Q

What factors are part of the intrinsic pathway?

A

12, 11, 9, 8

Cardio (12 decks)

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