Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > Hx and PE Findings > Flashcards

Hx and PE Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Exercise intolerance, decr. growth, and muscle wasting suggest what type of problem with the heart?

A

Compromised forward output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ascites and pleural effusion causing dyspnea/tachypnea suggest what problem with the heart?

A

R-CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coughing and exercise intolerance 2* resp compromise suggest what problem with the heart?

A

L-CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can L-CHF cause coughing?

A

Enlarged L atrium compressing L bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a common PE finding in cats with CHF?

A

Low core temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Systemic hypertension may present with what non-cardiac clinical signs?

A

Ocular lesions/sudden blindness, neuro signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is BP usually measured in small animals?

A

Doppler, oscillometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is normal systolic BP in dogs?

A

120-150mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is normal systolic BP in cats?

A

110-140mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first (S1) heart sound heard on auscultation?

A

AV valve closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the second (S2) heart sound heard on auscultation?

A

Semilunar valve closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If you hear a split S2, what does this indicate?

A

Pulmonic valve closes later than aortic valve, R-CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does a systolic click occur?

A

Between S1 and S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a systolic click indicate?

A

Valve prolapse (often first sign of MVD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is a gallop rhythm a systolic or diastolic sound?

A

Diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With what heart problems is S3 heard in small animals?

A

DCM or LV volume overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

With what heart problems is S4 heard in small animals?

A

Atrial kick, non-compliant ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rapid passive filling causes what heart sound?

A

S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which gallop sound is the “gallop of heart failure”?

A

S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are S3 and S4 normal or abnormal in large animals?

A

Normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common cause of a diastolic murmur?

A

Aortic regurg (older horse, valve degeneration)

22
Q

What is the most common cause of a holosystolic murmur in dogs?

A

Mitral regurg

23
Q

Where will you auscult a mitral regurgitation?

A

L apex

24
Q

In small breed dogs with mitral regurgitation, what is the pathogenesis of the condition?

A

Mitral valve degeneration

25
Q

In large breed dogs with mitral regurgitation, what is the pathogenesis of the condition?

A

DCM

26
Q

If a younger animal has mitral regurgitation, what is the likely cause?

A

Mitral valve dysplasia

27
Q

What causes mitral regurgitation in cats?

A

Mitral valve dysplasia, systolic anterior motion (SAM)

28
Q

Where will you best hear a tricuspid regurgitation?

A

R apex

29
Q

Why is a tricuspid regurgitation usually lower intensity than a mitral regurgitation?

A

Lower pressures in the R heart

30
Q

What is the most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation?

A

Endocardiosis

31
Q

In young dogs, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation must be differentiated from what other defect that also causes a holosystolic murmur?

A

Ventricular septal defect

32
Q

What is the most common congenital murmur in all species other than dogs?

A

Ventricular septal defect

33
Q

With VSD, what size defect will produce a louder murmur?

A

Smaller hole = faster velocity = louder murmur

34
Q

Which side of the heart is a VSD usually best heart?

A

Right side

35
Q

What are ejection murmurs?

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis, atrial septcal defect

36
Q

What murmur is heard at the left base of the heart and is accompanied by weak femoral pulses?

A

Aortic stenosis

37
Q

What dog breeds are most prone to aortic stenosis?

A

GR, Rottie, Boxer

38
Q

How will an aortic stenosis differ from a pulmonic stenosis?

A

Normal femoral pulses w/pulmonic stenosis

39
Q

In general, which dog breeds are more prone to aortic stenosis?

A

Large breed

40
Q

In general, which dog breeds are more prone to pulmonic stenosis?

A

Small dogs

41
Q

What dog breeds are most predisposed to pulmonic stenosis?

A

Bulldog, beagle, poms, chihuahua

42
Q

Murmur related to increased R-sided flow that is rare both dogs and cats

A

Atrial septal defect

43
Q

Which dog breed is considered higher risk for atrial septal defect?

A

Boxer

44
Q

How does an atrial septal defect affect the pulmonic valve?

A

Relative pulmonic stenosis

45
Q

A continuous murmur indicates what disease?

A

PDA

46
Q

Washing machine murmur at the L base of the heart indicates what disease?

A

PDA

47
Q

What type of pulses accompany a PDA?

A

Water hammer pulses

48
Q

What clinical sign will you see with reverse PDA?

A

Cyanosis, no murmur

49
Q

What direction is normal PDA flow?

A

L-to-R

50
Q

What direction is a reverse PDA flow?

A

R-to-L

51
Q

How does a PDA reverse?

A

Volume overload in lungs causes constriction and hypertension and elevated R sided pressures

52
Q

Why might DCM not have a murmur?

A

Poor heart function

Cardio (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions