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Cardio > Cardiac Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiac Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Which direction does a PDA shunt blood?

A

L to R (from aorta to pulmonary artery)

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2
Q

Continuous/washing machine mumur

A

PDA

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3
Q

Waterhammer pulses

A

PDA

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4
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect in dogs?

A

PDA

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5
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect in species other than dogs?

A

VSD

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6
Q

How do you treat a PDA?

A

Surgical ligation or coil embolization

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7
Q

How do you treat a reverse PDA?

A

None

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8
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in cows?

A

Tricuspid

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9
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in horses and small animals?

A

Aortic and mitral

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10
Q

What can valvular endocarditis lead to?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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11
Q

Does aortic regurgitation cause poor performance in horses?

A

No

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12
Q

Decrescendo holodiastolic murmur @ left base of horse heart

A

Aortic regurgitation

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13
Q

What will you see on an echo of valvular endocarditis?

A

Vegetative lesions on heart valves

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14
Q

Muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus, and electrical alternans are all assoc. w/what heart condition?

A

Pericardial effusion

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15
Q

How do you treat a pericardial effusion?

A

Pericardiocentesis, pericardectomy

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16
Q

Why should you not give furosemide to a pericardial effusion?

A

Decreases preload on R heart = circulatory failure

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17
Q

How will a pericardial effusion present on necropsy?

A

Nutmeg liver d/t R-CHF

18
Q

How will a pericardial effusion appear on rads?

A

Enlarged globoid heart

19
Q

Which arrhythmia causes pulse deficits but is usually clinically insignificant and is only sometimes assoc. w/cardiac disease?

A

APCs

20
Q

What is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia in cattle?

A

A-fib

21
Q

What causes A-fib in cattle?

A

Vagal tone, hypo/hyperK, Ca therapy

22
Q

What is the most common pathologic arrhythmia in horses?

A

A-fib

23
Q

Pulsus alternans is assoc w/which arrhythmia?

A

A-fib

24
Q

How do you treat A-fib in a horse?

A

Quinidine (Na channel blocker)

25
Q

If quinidine treatment of A-fib causes acceleration in ventricular response rate or HR >90, what other drug should you use as an adjunctive treatment?

A

Digoxin

26
Q

How do you treat A-fib in a dog?

A

Diltiazem, digoxin, atenolol, procainamide

27
Q

Chaotic electrical activity and mechanical activity during cardiac arrest?

A

V-fib

28
Q

When should you treat a dog with VPCs?

A

> 100/24h, HR >180, R-on-T

29
Q

How do you treat V-tach?

A

Lidocaine

30
Q

What is ventricular asystole?

A

No electrical or mechanical activity

31
Q

What causes an ECG w/no P-waves, wide QRS, and tall T-waves?

A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

Delay in conduction at the AV node

A

AV block

33
Q

Increased PR interval but no dropped QRS

A

1* AV block

34
Q

Which type of AV block is normal in a horse?

A

2* AV block

35
Q

P-R interval progressively lengthens before QRS drop

A

2* Mobitz I

36
Q

P-R interval unchanged but QRS drops often

A

2* Mobitz II

37
Q

What causes escape beats assoc. w/3* AV block?

A

Subservient pacemaker

38
Q

How do you treat a 3* AV block?

A

Pacemaker

39
Q

Why should you never treat a 3* AV block with lidocaine?

A

Will stop escape beats

40
Q

How do you treat CHF?

A

Furosemide, elanapril, pimobendan

Cardio (12 decks)

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