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Cardio > Cardio Basics > Flashcards

Cardio Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Tall slender P-wave = ___ atrial enlargement

A

Right

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2
Q

Wide P-wave = _____ atrial enlargement

A

Left

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3
Q

What determines stroke volume?

A

Preload, afterload, contractility rate

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4
Q

What determines cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x HR

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5
Q

What is the heart’s response to acute blood loss?

A

Incr CO via catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction

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6
Q

How does the kidney respond to acute blood loss?

A

ADH release causes H2O and Na resorption

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7
Q

How does the spleen respond to acute blood loss?

A

Contraction injects RBCs into circulation

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8
Q

What is the ECF:ICF ratio?

A

1:2

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9
Q

What % of body weight is comprised of water?

A

TBW = 60% BW

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10
Q

What is the ECF made of?

A

Plasma, interstital fluid, lymph

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11
Q

Critical reduction in intravascular volume (dehydration, hemorrhage, third-spacing)

A

Hypovolemic shock

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12
Q

How does hypovolemia cause shock?

A

Decr preload = decr SV = decr CO

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13
Q

Result of decreased myocardial contractility with subsequent decrease in O2 delivery

A

Cardiogenic shock

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14
Q

What type of shock is always assoc. w/primary heart disease?

A

Cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

Occurs w/abnormal blood distribution that impairs blood return to the heart

A

Obstructive shock

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16
Q

Type of shock that is typically secondary to sepsis and anaphylactic reaction causing vasodilation

A

Distributive/vasogenic shock

17
Q

Sound made by the closure of the AV valves

A

S1

18
Q

Sound made by the closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves

A

S2

19
Q

Subtle sound caused by ventricular relaxation (not usually heard in small animals)

A

S3

20
Q

Subtle sound assoc. w/atrial contraction (not heard in small animals)

A

S4

21
Q

Which ICS do you listen to the pulmonic valve?

A

L 3rd

22
Q

Which ICS do you listen to the aortic valve?

A

L 4th

23
Q

Which ICS do you listen to the mitral valve?

A

L 5th

24
Q

Which ICS do you listen to the tricuspid valve?

A

R 3-4th

25
Q

Small slit that allows shunting between RA and LA in fetus but disappears when lungs expand with first breath

A

Foramen ovale

26
Q

Which direction is the shunt if the foramen ovale fails to close?

A

LA to RA

27
Q

Calf with failure to thrive, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia likely has which congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

28
Q

Which direction is blood shunted with VSD?

A

L to R

29
Q

What does a R to L shunt cause?

A

Polycythemia

30
Q

What heart condition causes a polycythemia?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

31
Q

How many chambers do fish hearts have?

A

2

32
Q

How many chambers do reptile hearts have?

A

3 (2 atria + 1 ventricle)

33
Q

How many chambers do bird hearts have?

A

4

34
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia of pigs?

A

Sinus arrhythmias

35
Q

What causes a sinus arrhythmia?

A

Vagal tone (incr. HR w/inspiration)

Cardio (12 decks)

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