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Cardio > Misc Cardiac Disease > Flashcards

Misc Cardiac Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Which dog breed gets mitral valve endocardiosis/DMVD at a younger age?

A

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

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2
Q

What are clinical signs of DMVD?

A

CHF signs

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3
Q

If a patient presents with a loud L apical murmur/history of DMVD and is in acute respiratory distress, what is the problem

A

Ruptured chord = acute decompensation

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4
Q

What breeds are most commonly affected with mitral valve endocardiosis/DMVD?

A

Small breed, older

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5
Q

Which breeds are most predisposed to DCM?

A

Large breed - esp Dobermans, GD, GSD

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6
Q

How might a DCM dog present to the clinic?

A

Syncopal d/t arrhythmias or w/CHF

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7
Q

How do you treat a hypotensive DCM dog (cardiogenic shock)?

A

Dobutamine (beta agonist)

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8
Q

What is the most common acquired heart disease seen in dogs?

A

Mitral valve endocardiosis/degeneration

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9
Q

What is the most common cardiac disease seen in cats?

A

HCM

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10
Q

How do you treat HCM?

A

Atenolol (beta-blocker) if asymptomatic

Furosemide and enalapril once in failure

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11
Q

Which cats are most commonly affected by HCM?

A

Maine coon, ragdoll, sphynx, DSH

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12
Q

What feline heart disease is genetic?

A

HCM

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13
Q

What is RCM?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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14
Q

What causes DCM in cats?

A

Taurine deficiency

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15
Q

Ventricular endocardium is fibrotic and thickened and produces a restrictive filling pattern

A

RCM

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16
Q

What other lesions might be present in a cat with DCM/taurine deficiency?

A

Retinal lesions

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17
Q

Small hyperreflective footballs next to the optic disk indicate what problem in cats?

A

Taurine deficiency

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18
Q

Acute hindlimb paresis and high liver values indicates what disease in cats?

A

Thromboembolism

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19
Q

How do you treat a thromboembolism in a cat?

A

Heparin and pain meds

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20
Q

What medication should be given with any heart disease in cats?

A

Clopidogrel

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21
Q

What is a saddle thrombus?

A

Thromboembolism that settles at the bifurcation of the aorta

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22
Q

What endocrine disorder of the cat causes murmur, arrhythmias, PU/PD, and weight loss?

A

Hyperthyroidism

23
Q

Feline hypertension is often caused by what diseases?

A

Renal disease or hyperthyroidism

24
Q

Cats with hypertension have what heart chagnes?

A

Thickened LV

25
Q

How do you treat feline hypertension d/t renal disease?

A

Amlodipine (Ca channel blocker

26
Q

What are clinical signs of a cat with CHF?

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia

27
Q

Which valves are most commonly affected by endocarditis in small animals?

A

Mitral and aortic

28
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in large animals?

A

Tricuspid

29
Q

How do you treat canine hypertension?

A

Elanapril (ACE-inhibitor), amlodipine

30
Q

How do you treat a canine hypertensive crisis?

A

Sodium nitroprusside

31
Q

What is a side effect of sodium nitroprusside?

A

Cyanide toxicity w/in 48h

32
Q

What are the target organs most damaged by hypertension in a dog?

A

Heart, eye, brain, kidney

33
Q

What causes canine hypertension?

A

Renal disease, Cushing’s, pheochromocytoma

34
Q

What heart disease is most common in ferrets?

A

HCM (DCM rarely)

35
Q

What heart tumor occurs in brachycephalic breeds?

A

Chemodectoma

36
Q

What is a chemodectoma?

A

Tumor of aortic body

37
Q

Which part of the heart of a cow is most commonly affected by lymphoma?

A

R atrium

38
Q

What does the test for HWD test for?

A

Antigen from female worm

39
Q

What are clinical signs of HWD in cats?

A

Vomit and cough, sudden resp distress

40
Q

What is the treatment of choice for HWD?

A

Melarsomine (immiticide)

41
Q

How do you treat a pulmonic stenosis?

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

42
Q

What is the most common congenital defect in a dog?

A

PDA

43
Q

How do you treat a subaortic stenosis in a dog?

A

Beta blockers

44
Q

What does subaortic stenosis put dogs at risk for later in life?

A

Endocarditis

45
Q

What are the components of tetralogy of fallot?

A

PS, VSD, overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy

46
Q

What results from tetralogy of fallot?

A

Venous blood (low O2) shunting to systemic circulation

47
Q

What is a common cause of poor performance in racehorses?

A

A-fib

48
Q

An older horses w/musical diastolic murmur has what heart defect?

A

Aortic regurgitation

49
Q

What is the most commonly seen heart disease of cattle?

A

TRP

50
Q

What causes high-altitude disease/brisket edema?

A

Pulmonary hypertension 2* vasoconstriction 2* to low PaO2 @ altitude

51
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect of calves?

A

VSD

52
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected by endocarditis in cattle?

A

Tricuspid

53
Q

Which region of a cow heart is most often affected by lymphoma

A

R atrium

Cardio (12 decks)

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