Rhone Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary training method of the Southern Rhone?
A
Gobelet
2
Q
Which wine earned fame for a church held administrative entity “Vicariate Uzes”?
A
Coste du Rhone district wine
Regulations introduced in 1650 to guarantee the origin and quality of the wines
3
Q
What are “Beton” and “Inot”?
A
- Beton - Concrete vats
- Inox - Stainless Steel vates
4
Q
True or False
Cotes du Rhone AOC wines can be made in every one of the eight crus in the Northern Rhone.
A
True
5
Q
Name three AOCs in the hilly northeastern part of the Southern Rhone.
A
- Vinsobres AOC
- Rasteau AOC
- Cairanne AOC
All are at higher elevation to mitigate the heat
6
Q
What are two methods producers in the Southern Rhone experimenting to push back harvest days of their vines?
A
- Shade panels
- Misters to mist the vines in the morning
7
Q
What are the wine styles (3) produced in the Diois?
A
- Clairette de Die - the Methode Dioise Ancestrale
- Clairette de Die - Traditional Method
- Cremant de Di - Traditional Method
8
Q
What percentage of production of the entire Rhone Valley Cotes du Rhone represents ?
A
40%
9
Q
Is the Dios considered a part of the Northern Rhone?
Is the Dios included in the Cotes du Rhone zone of production?
A
- Yes
- No
10
Q
What grape is important for vin doux naturel (VDN) production in the Southern Rhone?
A
Muscat a Petis Grains Blanc
11
Q
What wine styles Gigondas AOC produces?
A
- Rose
- Red
Based on Grenache
12
Q
What characterizes Lirac AOC climate wise?
And of the soil.
A
- Sunny and Dry
- Poor soils - retards wine vigor and resulting in low yields of top quality fruit
13
Q
List the below in English:
- Beton
- Inox
- Demi-Muids
- Foudres
A
- Beton - Concrete
- Inox - Stainless Steel
- Demi-Muids - Large Wooden Casks
- Foudres - Large Wooden Casks
14
Q
True or False
Irrigation is NOT permitted in the Southern Rhone.
A
False
Not illegal but producers who wish to irrrigate must submit a special request and receive permissions.
15
Q
What characterizes Tavel AOC wines?
A
For Roses, concentration, structure and depth of color
16
Q
What are the following terms indicate for Red VDNs of Rasteau AOC:
- Hors d’Age
- Rancio
A
- Hors d’Age - five years of oxidative aging
- Rancio - achieved “taste of rancio”
17
Q
What stands out for the winemaking method of Tavel AOC?
A
“Vinification is via maceration” by law
Same process as Saignee method except that all the juice is used for Rose production; no Red wine is produced
18
Q
What is the primary grape in white Cotes du Rhone and white Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
A
Grenache Blanc
Valued for its extract - or concentration of flavour
All color variants of Grenache are oxidative in nature
19
Q
What is the benefit of the Mistral in the Southern Rhone?
A
The drying force of the Mistral during the growing season minimizes the risks of mildew and rot.
20
Q
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC blends can be made of:
Select one:
- One of the approved varieties
- All of the approved varieties
- Any combinaiton of them
- A ll of the above
A
- All of the above
21
Q
What climatic factor mitigates summer warmth in the Southern Rhone?
A
The Mistral
As well as cold air masses descending from the Dentelles de Montmirail and other limestone peaks
22
Q
Name three Grenache grape family members.
A
- Grenache Noir
- Grenache Gris
- Grenache Blanc
23
Q
What styles are produced for Rasteau AOC Red VDNs?
A
- Reductive - Grenat
- Tuile (Oxidative)
24
Q
How many Crus from the Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone are included in the Cotes du Rhone AOC respectively?
A
- 8 from the Northern Rhone
- 9 from the Southern Rhone
25
Why is Syrah an ideal companion in the blend with Grenache ?
List three.
* Higher acidity
* More tanninc
* Reductive nature counterbalances oxydative nature of Grenache
26
What significant event took place in the 14th century in the Rhone Valley?
The Papal Palace moved from Rome to Avignon.
From 1309 to 1376, seven French Popes governed the Catholic Church from France.
27
List wine styles produced in Rasteau AOC.
What characterizes the terroir?
* Red (GSM blends)
* Fortified White
* Fortified Red
* Fortified Rose
* Unique mesoclimate - all vineyards facing south in amphitheater that traps sunlight and blocks the Mistral
28
What are "Demi-Muids"
600 litre oak barrel often used in the Rhone Valley
29
What are only two monopoles lcoated outside Burgundy?
* Coulee de Serrant in Loire Valley
* Chateau-Grillet in Rhone Valley
30
True or False
VDNs (Vin Doux Naturels) produced in Rasteau AOC are red, white and Rose.
True
31
What do wine styles Saint-Joseph produce and from which varieties?
* Dry White - Marsanne and/or Roussane
* Dry Red - Syrah (may include up to 10% of Marsanne and/or Roussane)
32
True or False
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC wines can be made of only one approved grape variety or all of them or any combination.
True
33
Which AOC is the largest of the Northern Rhone Crus?
Crozes-Hermitage
34
What grape vareity dominates Costieres de Nimes AOC?
Syrah
Unlike the rest of Southern Rhone
35
Name primary grape varieties (3) used for Lirac AOC white wine.
* Clairette
* Bourboulenc
* Grenache Blanc
36
What is the primary soil type of the Northern Rhone?
Granite with a fine topsoil of decomosed mica schist and granitic sands.
Stoney soils are mainly planted with Syrah - absorbs heat during the day and radiate it back to the vine as the sun startes to set.
37
True or False
During the 18th and 19th centuries most Condrieu was sweet.
True
Now 90-95% of Condrieu is vinified dry
38
Which AOC has the wines considered to yield one of the longest lived and most collected wines in the Rhone?
Hermitage AOC
39
What are three containers to typically age the red wines in the Southern Rhone?
* Inox (Stainless Steel)
* Beton (Concreate ageing vessel)
* Demi-Muids or foundres
40
Which bank of the Rhone River, Tavel and Lirac AOCs are on?
The right bank
41
Why are Syrah and Viognier planted in the Northern Rhone?
Both are early ripening grapes to ensure the harvest can be done before the frost and other weather related issues
42
What are the geological features the Rhone Valley to the east and west?
* East: the Prealps
* West: Massif Central
43
What wine style does Tavel AOC produce?
Only Rose wines.
44
List three red principal grape varieties of the Cotes du Rhone AOC.
* Grenache
* Syrah
* Mourvedre
(A minimum of 60% of the blend must consist of at least two of the principal grape varieties and one of them must be Grenache)
Rose follows the same formula however Cinsaut is often incorporated as it adds finesse, perfume and fruit without contributing much tannin or pigment
45
What does Viognier add (3) to Syrah when co-fermented in small quantities?
Adds lift and perfume.
Also helps to set color.
46
What soil type does Cornas have?
Granite
47
True or False
Vintage variations due to its continental climate and unpredictable weather, the Northern Rhone has more vintage variations than Beaujolais and Bourgogne.
False
More consistent than the northern neighbors.
48
True or False
Most of the vineyards of Gigondas are northwest- and west facing.
True
49
What are two measures producers are looking to combat the climate change in the Southern Rhone for their vineyards?
* Hillsides
* Higher elevation
50
Which wine region in the U.S, lies roughly the same latitude as the Rhone vineyards?
Willamtte Valley
51
What are three primary attriburtes of Grenache based wines?
* High in alcohol
* Moderate color
* Moderate acidity
52
What is the major issue confronting the Southern Rhone today related to climate change?
* Drought
* A major water transfer program is in development
53
What are the wine regions to the north, east and west of the Rhone Valley wine region?
* North: Beaujolais
* East: Provence
* West: Languedoc
54
What white grape varieties can be added to Syrah for Crozes Hermitage wines?
* Marasanne
* 'Roussanne
Up to 15% can be added if co-fermented ( compared to up to 10% in Saint Joseph)
55
What are the two grape varieties used for Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrale?
What are the wine styles?
* Muscat (dominates the blend)
* Clairette
* Sweet Sparkling wine either white or rose
56
What is the traditional training method in the Northern Rhone to protect vines from high winds like the Mistral?
Echalas
Two or three stakes are placed, teepee fashon over two vines
57
What is the minimum alcohol level of VDNs in the Southern Rhone?
15%
58
Along with GSM (Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre), what are four red varieties that are prominent in ths Southern Rhone?
* Cinsaut - typical and popular component of Roses
* Carignan
* Counoise
* Marselan
59
What is the climate of the Dios vineyards?
Continental climate with alpine influences from the nearby Massif du Vercors.
60
True or False
Clairette de Dios AOC is responsible for 50% of the Dios's entire production.
False
96%
61
True or False
Clairette de Die - traditional method sparkling wine is made from 100% Clairette (white grape).
True
62
What styles red VDNs of Rasteau AOC are made?
* Grenat - Reductive
* Tuile - Oxidative
Must be comprised of 75% Grenache Noir
All three Grenache must make up at least 90% of the blend
63
Which VDN in the Southern Rhone uses Grenache grapes?
Which VDN uses Muscat a Petits Grains?
* Rasteau AOC
* Mustcat de Beaumes de Venise
64
Which AOC is the largest of the Southern Rhone Crus?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC
65
True or False
Rasteau AOC Rose VDNs require no aging.
True
It will still need to have at least 90% of all three Grenaches
66
Along with Grenache Blanc, Bourboulenc and Clairette, what are three other primary grapes in the Southern Rhone?
* Marsanne
* Roussane
* Viognier
67
What benefit derives from the Dentelles de Montmirail for Beaumes de Venise AOC?
As a windbreak sheltering the vines from the Mistral
68
What are two places in the Northern Rhone with galets?
Crozes Hermitage
Saint Joseph
69
What is reflected in the price of wines especially from the most prestigeous crus on the steepest slopes of the Northern Rhone?
Challenges involved in cultivating such vineyards
70
What is the maximum percentage of Viognier used for Cote Rotie AOC Red wine?
Up to 20%
Often 5% or less if used at all
Must be co-planted, co-harvested and co-fermented with Syrah
71
What characterizes Tavel Rose?
* Dry
* Concentration
* 'Structure
* Depth of color
72
What specific actions (5) vignirons in the Southern Rhone are taking to combat the climate change?
* Planting on hillsides and at higher elevations
* Shade panels
* Misters (mist the vines in the morning)
* Using Grenache and Syrah crosses to develop more disease resistant and later ripening curves and higher yieldds
* Drough resistant rootstocies
73
What are the two wines produced under Clairette de Die AOC?
Which wine of the two is the most bottled under?
* Clairette de Die
* Clairette de Die Method Dioise Ancestralle
* Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrallle
74
Which AOC in the Northern Rhone produces Vin de Paille?
* Hermitage AOC - a sweet wine made from grapes air-dried on straw mat to concentrate sugars
75
What styles are white VDNs of Rasteau AOC made?
* Blanc (Reductive) at least 90% Grenache and/or Grenache Blanc
* Ambre (Oxidative) at least 90% of Grenache and other Grenaches
76
What does Rasteau AOC VDN wines labeled "Hois d'Age" mean?
What does Rasteau AOC VDN wines labeled "Rancio" mean?
* Undergone at least five years of Oxidative aging
* Achieved "the taste of Rancio"
77
Out of Red, Rose and White, which has the highest production in Costieres de Nimes AOC?
Red and Rose over 90% of production
78
Which geological feature the Dios at the southwestern edge of?
Massif du Vercors (the pre-Alpine region)
79
True or False
The Cotes du Rhone Villages zone of production lies only within the Southern Rhone.
True
80
What are three examples of the climate change in the Southern Rhone?
1. Average temperature rises 1.4 C over the last 100 years
2. Harvest moved forward 15 days in the last 26 years
3. Potential alcohol increased 0.6% while acidity has dropped 0.5 g/l
81
The Souterhn Rhone's limestone peaks and mountain chains were created when the Alps pushed skyward.
What are three prominent peaks that line along the Southern Rhone's eastern border?
* Mont Ventoux
* Luberon Massif
* The Dentelles de Montmirail
82
Why are the vast majority of the grapes vinified as regional Cotes du Rhone AOC come from the Southern Rhone?
All of the northern vineyards fall under more prestigeous appellations.
83
What grape variety is mandatory in the blend of Beaumes de Venise AOC?
Grenache
GSM blemd must account for at least 60%
Beaumes de Venise AOC makes only red wines.
84
What grape varieties are used for Gigondas?
* Grenache based
* Syrah or Mourvedre
85
How many Crus in the Cotes du Rhone?
17 Crus
86
Which grape variety represented one-third of the vineyard plantings in the Southern Rhone prior to the arrival of phylloxera in 1870s?
Which two grape varieites replaced it?
* Mourvedre
* Grenache
* Syrah
87
True or False
The majority of Costieres de Nimes AOC is white variety.
False
90% of production is Red and Rose and Syrah is the dominant grape.
88
What training system is typically used for Syrah and Viognier in the Rhone Valley?
Guyot System
89
Which two AOCs in the Southern Rhone produce sweet fortified wines (VDN) ?
* Rasteau
* Muscat de Beames de Venise
90
True or False
Vacqueyras AOC is genreally warmer than Gigondas.
True
91
How many sanctioned grapes Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC has?
13 Sanctioned grape varieties (19 if color variations are counted)
One of the least restrictive AOCs in France in terms of blend
92
What grape varieties are generally used in Rasteau AOC to make the red blends?
GSM blends
93
What are wine styles of Cairanne AOC?
What is typical soil type of the AOC?
What grapes its white are composed of?
* Dry White, Red
* Stony pebbles
* Clairette with Roussanne and/or Grenache Blanc - the majority is GSM red, nearly the half exported internationally
94
Which AOC in the Rhone benefits from cold air from the Petite Camargue which cools the nights?
Costieres de Nimes AOC
95
What is the climate of Luberon AOC?
Mediterranean with continental influence
96
How many principal grapes are required for Cotes du Rhone AOC SOUTH of Montelimar?
How many prinicpal grapes are required for Cotes du Rhone AOC NORTH of Montelimar?
* 2
* 1
Both must make up at least 60% of the final wine
97
True or False
Vineyards not terraced in the Northern Rhone require vignerons to carry the stones from their vineyard topsoil back up the slope.
True
98
What characterizes Chateauneuf-de-Pape special cuvees?
* Typicall made from a singularly good parcel within a vineyard , from vielles vignes or a single terroir
* A small lot of wine that is vinified in a different manner than the regular estate bottling
99
How many Crus are in the Northern Rhone?
8 Crus
100
True or False
Only dry white wine is made in Condrieu AOC.
False
It makes sweet wine as well - 4.5%/45 g/l
Traditionally Condrieu wines were mostly sweet.
101
How many Crus/AOCs in the Southern Rhone?
9 Crus / AOCs
102
What type of wine is Clairette de Die wine?
What is the minimum percentage required for Clairette grape?
Traditional method sparkling wine made from 100% Clairette.
103
What wine style does Vinsobres AOC make?
Only Red wines based on Gremache and must contain at least one of Syrah or Mourvedre
104
List six principal white grape varieties of the Cotes du Rhone AOC.
* Bourboulenc
* Clairette
* Grenache Blanc
* Marsanne
* Rousanne
* Viognier
105
True or False
Chateauneuf-du-Papa AOC makes only Dry whites and Dry reds.
True
106
What is special about Tavel Rose as related to its winemaking process?
* Vinification is typically via maceration
* Same as saignee method but all the juice is used for rose wine only - no reds are made
107
True or False
Most of the production bottled in Clairette de Die AOC is Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrale.
True
108
What is the only permitted grape of Condrieu AOC?
Viognier
The AOC only makes white wines mostly dry but traditionally had sweet wine (Min 4.5% or 45 g/l)
109
True or False
Both Ventoux and Luberon have been designated as UNESCO Biosphere Reserve for their unique biodiversity.
True
110
True or False
The Diois is NOT included in the Cotes du Rhone zone of production unlike the Northern Rhone Crus.
True
111
What are grape varieties used for Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrale, sweet sparkling blend wine?
* Muscat
* Clairette
Muscat dominates the blend
The wine can be white or rose
112
What is the primary geological difference between the Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone?
Northern Rhone: Steep slopes
Southern Rhone: Flatter lands
113
True or False
The Southern Rhone is likely the most susceptable region of France to climate change.
True
114
To minimize wind exposure, what is the training method used to ensure weaker caned Syrah withstand the pressure?
Echalas - The vines are tied to stakes
115
Which of the following AOCs is not included in the Cotes du Rhone zone of production:
* Ventoux
* Luberon
* Costieres de Nimes
All of three are not included in the Cotes du Rhone zone of production
116
What is the soil type of Cornas AOC?
Granite which forms a natural amphitheater protecting the vines from cold winds.
117
Name two AOCs in the Southern Rhone Cru villages that craft fortified sweet wines, vin doux naturels.
* Rasteau AOC
* Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOC
118
Why winemakers must take care to make Syrah based wines?
Its reductive nature tned to add excessive gamey, barnyard notes.
119
What does Mourvedre bring to the GSM blend?
List four.
* Alcohol
* Tannin
* Pigment
* Reductive
120
Which AOC is the most famous and largest of the Southern Rhone Crus?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC
121
What wine style dominates Luberon AOC's production?
Rose (over 50%)
122
How many grape varieties may be incorporated into the wines of Cotes du Rhone AOC?
23
123
True or False
Over 30% of vineyards in Vinsobres AOC are farmed organically
True
124
Which AOCs are on the left bank of the Rhone River in the Northern Rhone?
* Hermitage / L'Hermitage / L'Ermitage AOC
* Crozes-Hermiage / Crozes-Ermitage AOC
125
True or False
All of the eight appellations in the Northern Rhone lie within Cotes du Rhone.
True
126
Which cities are located at the northern end and the southern end of the Northern Rhone?
* North: Vienne
* South: Valance
127
What are two common climate impact that the Northern and Southern Rhone share?
* The Rhone River
* The Mistral
128
What are wine styles of Saint Joseph AOC?
Dry Whites (14%)
Dry Reds (86%)
129
True or False
It is NOT traditional or usual to age Rhone wines in small new oak barrels.
True
130
True or False
From June to August, Costieres de Nimes has some of the highest temperatures in France.
True
131
What grape variety is mandatory in Beaumes de Venise AOC?
Grenache
(60% of the wine must be Grenachem Syrah and/or Mourvedre)
132
What type of soil has Syrah planted in the Northern Rhone?
Stony soils (to reflect back the heat during early evenings)
133
For white varieites what soil types (3) are sought in the Northern Rhone?
* Limestone
* Clay
* Sand
134
True or False
Both Ventoux AOC and Luberon AOC has Continental climate.
False
Ventoux AOC - Mediterranean climate with alpine influences
Luberon AOC - Mediterranean climate with continental influences
135
What are three sub divsdions in the Rhone Valley wine region?
* Les Cotes du Rhone (where Cotes du Rhone AOC is known)
* Northern Rhone
* Southern Rhone
Southern outlying wine regions are not part of Cotes du Rhone and not connected to the sub division of Les Cotes du Rhone (but Diois vineyards are also part of the Les Cotes du Rhone area)
136
What is the percentage difference between Cotes du Rhone and Cotes du Rhone Villages of the minimum required for the principal grapes for the red blends?
* Cotes du Rhone AOC - minimum 60%
* Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC - minimum 66%
137
Which direction most of the vineyards of Gigondas AOC face to produce wines with freshness?
Northwest
Northeast
138
List six major white grapes used in the Southern Rhone.
Plus one variety important for Vin Doux Naturel (VDN) production
1. Bourboulenc - to moderate high alcohol / low acidity such as Grenache Blanc and Clairette
2. Clairette - Successful due to large leafs which protect grape clusters from sun burns.
3. Grenache Blanc - Primary grape of Cotes du Rhone and Chateauneuf-du-Pape. High extract but easily oxidized
4. Marsannne
5. Rousssane
6. Viognier
* Muscat a Petis Grains Blanc
139
Why are vines in the Southern Rhone spaced more widely apart than in the Northern Rhone (2)?
* Depleted soil
* Lack of water
140
How many Crus are in the Southern Rhone?
9 Crus
141
What are the principal grapes (2) of Saint-Peray AOC?
* Marsanne
* Roussanne
142
What is the climate of the Rhone Valley?
Continental with Maritime influence
143
As of 2020, how many DGCs are within the Cotes du Rhone Villages which can put their name on the label?
22 DGCs (villages are allowed to add their name)
144
Which AOC in Rhone is a monopole?
Chateau-Grillet AOC
145
What are two common features of the Northern Rhone and Southern Rhone climate and geology wise?
* The Mistral Wind
* The Rhine River
146
Which AOC is the largest of the Northern Rhone Crus?
Crozes-Hermitage
147
Name wine style of Vinsobres AOC.,
What charcterizes the AOC from terroir perespective?
* Red wine only with Grenache based and must contain either Syrah or Mourvedre
* Elevation of 200-450 m terraced on sand and clays
* 30% farmed organically and most of the rest are sustainable
148
What wine styles Saint-Peray AOC produces?
* Dry White
* Sparkling wine
149
True or False
Chateau-Grillet is located within Condrieu and only produced dry white wine.
True
It is made from Viognier
150
Which AOC in the Northern Rhone produces red wine made from 100% Syrah?
Cornas
151
Wha wine style does Tavel AOC produce?
Rose
152
True or False
The rugged terrain of the Northern Rhone was cultivated before the flatter plain of the Southern Rhone
True
The Romans preferred hillside vineyards as they were considered more frost resistant.
153
True or False
Ventoux AOC is the largest of seven non-Cotes du Rhone AOCs in the Southern Rhone.
True
154
What are required for Rasteau AOC VDNs White Ambre (Oxidative)?
* Can include entire Grenache family (Noir, Gris and Blanc) - Blanc (Oxidative) mode cannot include Noir
* At least 90% of the blend must be composed of Grenache
* Matured until at leaset March 1 of the third year after harvest
155
True or False
Cotes du Rhone Villages production comes solely from the Southern Rhone.
True
156
What is the climate of the Southern Rhone?
The Mediterranean.
157
How many sanctioned grapes does Tavel AOC has?
9 Sanctioned grapes
(15 if color variation is counted)
Compared to Chateauneuf-du-Pape:
13 sanctioned grapes (19 if counting color variations)
158
List which area is the Rhone Valley is bordered by in southeastern France (i.e. north, south, east and west).
* North: Lyon and Bordearux
* SoutheWest and SouthEast respectively: Languedoc and Provence
* East: The Prealps
* West: The mountains of the Massif Central
159
List three grape varieties primarilly used to make the Southern Rhone Red wine.
* Gremache
* Syrah
* Mourvedre
GSM blend
160
What are typical soil types of Gigondas?
Marls
Limestone
Sand
161
True or False
Up to 15% of Marsanne and/or Roussane may be co-fermented with Syrah to craft Hermiage and Crozes-Herminage Reds.
True
162
What are "Special Cuvees" typically made from in the Southern Rhone (3)?
* Particularly good parcels of fruit within a vineyard
* From vieilles vignes or a single terroir
* Represent a small lot of wine vinified in a different manner from the estate's regular wine
163
True or False
The Cotes due Rhone blending rules are different north of Montelimar (i.e Northern Rhone).
True
Different grapes are grown in the Northern Rhone.
164
True or False
Overwhelming of Rose wines in the Southern Rhone are Dry and Still.
True
Though a small amount of Rose VDN is made
165
True or White
Vigonier is permitted in Cote Rotie AOC but no white wine is made in the AOC.
True
166
Why is Clairette (white grape) is successful in the Southern Rhone?
It has large leaves to protect the grapes from sunburn.
167
What grape variety is ofen blended with Marsanne?
Which grape variety is considered to be the finer of the two?
* Roussanne
* Marsanne as it has high extract levels
168
Why did the Romans build terraced vineyards of steep hillsides in the Norhtern Rhone?
Reduced erosion to retaine soils
169
Who were "Rhone Ranges"?
California wine producers who made their wines in the Rhone Valley styles.
170
What climate the Southern Rhone is affected by?
The Mediterranean
171
True or False
For red Cotes du Rhone vinified south of Montelimar, Grenache is mandatory.
True
172
What grape variety is used for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOC?
* White: Muscat a Petis Grains Blanc
* Red: Muscat a Petis Grains Rouge
173
What is Syrah considered to be an ideal blending partner with Grenache when co-fermented with?
* Higher acidity (Grenache - moderate acidity)
* More tanninc structure
* Reductive nature (counterbalance oxidative tendencies of Grenache)
174
What wine style does Beaumes de Venise AOC produce?
Red wines only
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise is a separate AOC
175
What is the percentage of Rose production of Luberon AOC?
Over 50%
176
Name the monopole in the Northern Rhone.
Chateau Grillet AOC
Only one of the two outside Burgundy (the other is Couleee de Serrant in the Loire Valley)
177
What white grape varieties can be added up to 10% to Red Saint Joseph wines?
* Marsanne
* Rousanne
178
What major climate event changed the landscape of the Rhone Valley in the 20th century?
The Big Freeze of 1956
179
True or False
For Cotes du Rhone AOC, only one principal grape is mandate but not specified for Red blends vinified north of Montelimar.
True
At least 60% must be included in the bottle
180
What impacted features creating the vast stone-covered terraces so characteristic of the topography in the Southern Rhone?
Ice melt
181
List in order of quality the Cotes du Rhone AOC hierachy.
1. Crus
2. Cotes du Rhone Villlages + named village AOC
3. Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC
4. Cotes du Rhone AOC
182
What are requirements (2) for Rasteau AOC Blanc (Reductive) VDNs?
* At least 90% Grenache Blanc and/or Grenache Gris
* Can be release after May 1 of the year after harvest if they have at least 3 months in bottle
183
True or False
Over 95% of the wines produced in Cotes du Rhone Villages are Red.
True
184
True or False
Co-operatives produce the overwhelming majority of Ventoux AOC.
True
185
What is the primary red grape variety of the Southern Rhone and list its attributes (3)?
* Grenache
* High alcohol
* Moderate in pigment
* Moderate in acid
186
True or False
Cornas only makes 100% Syrah red wines.
True
187
What is the climate of Ventoux AOC?
The Mediterranea with alpine influences
188
True or False
According to Inter Rhone, the Rhone Valley's inter-professional organization, there are 34 grapve varieties on record as planted throughout the entire Rhone Valley.
True
189
True or False
White wines of Hermitage usually spend some time in wood.
True
190
What are two attrirbutes of Bourboulenc (whtie grape)?
What are two purposes used to balance when blended with Grenache Blanc and Clairette blends?
* Moderate alcohol
* High acidity
* Balance high alcohol and lower acid grapes such as Grenache and Clairette
191
Which AOC in Rhone Sparkling wine made?
Saint-Peray
192
True or False
With exceptions of some Chateauneuf-du-Pape special cuvees, it is not typical nor tradtional to age Southern Rhone wines in small new oak barrels.
True
193
Which AOC traditionally made Vin de Paille in the Northern Rhone?
Which grapes are used?
* Hermitage
* Marsaane and/or Roussane
* Grapes are harvested and dried on straw mats for at least 45 days to concentrate sugars
194
Which AOC in the Southern Rhone mandates hand harvesting by law?
Beaumes de Venise AOC
195
List five grape varieties in order of area under vine in Cotes du Rhone including Chatheauneuf-de-Pape (2018).
* Grenache (55%)
* Syrah (24%)
* Carignan (6%)
* Mourvedre \*4%)
* Cinsaut (3%) - typical and popular component of Roses
196
What edict King Louis XV issued in 1737 and enforce to control quality and prevent fraud for "Cotes du Rhone" wines?
He enforced branding the wines with with "CDR".
197
True or False
Chateau Grillet AOC wines are not aged.
False
2 years in oak barrels or tanks
198
What is Cote Rotie-style blends?
Syrah with a small additions of Viognier (emulated by Australian producers with Shiraz).
199
Which two AOCs make more powerfully structured wines in the Northern Rhone?
Which two AOCs generally more elegant?
* Cornas
* Hermitage
* Saint-Joseph and Cote Rotie more elegant
200
What are three grape varieties often used in Rose in the Southern Rhone?
* Clairette Rose
* Grenache Gris
* Piquepoul Gris
201
What are the two primary grape varieties in Ventoux AOC along with GSM varieties?
* Carignan
* Cinsaut
202
Whart is considered to be a Cru in the Northern Rhone?
Each of the eight appellations in the Northern Rhone.
203
True or False
As with the Northern Rhone, it is neither typical nor traditional to age Southern Rhone wines in small, new oak barrels.
True
Though some Chateauneuf-du-Pape special cuvees do so.
204
What does Roussanne add (1) when incorporated into the reds and whites of the Northern Rhone?
Perfume
205
True or False
All of the vineyard areas in Northern Rhone is covered by one of eight appellations.
True
206
What is the primary grape variety of the Southern Rhone?
Grenache
207
True or False
White grape varieties can be added to Syrah to make Hermitage AOC wines.
True
Up to 15% (same as Crozes Hermitage) of Marsannne and/or Roussanne can be added
208
True or False
The Diois is one of France's highest wine regions.
True
209
For Cairanne AOC, what grape is used to make the white wines typically?
* Clairette
* Supplemented by Roussane and/or
* Grenache Blanc
Large percentage of production is red
210
What wine style does the Northern Rhone Red make?
* Still
* Dry
* With bright acidity
211
What are three styles of wine produced in Hermitage AOC?
* Dry White (1/3 produciton)
* Dry Red (2/3 production)
* Vin de Paille (sweet wine)
212
Do White or Red wines represent the majority of Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOC.
White (83%)
213
What are typical soil types found in the Southern Rhone (5)?
* Galets (rounded river stones)
* Garrigue (limestone)
* Sandstone
* Clay
* Loess/Molasse (windblown silts and sands)
214
What are two wines made under Clairette de Die AOC?
* Clairette de Doe
* Clairette de Die Methode Dioise Ancestrale
215
True or False
Costieres de Nimes AOC is located on the right bank of the Rhone River.
True
216
Which AOC in the Diois is responsible for 96% of the entire production?
Clairette de Die AOC
217
True or False
Just 4% of the Rhone Valley's wine production comes from the Northern Rhone
True
218
What is the climate of the Northern Rhone?
Continental with Mediterranean influences
219
How many villages out of 117 villages in Cotes du Rhone AOC are allowed to make Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC?
How many villages can add their village name on the label as in Cotes du Rhone Villages + named village DGC?
How many CRUs are in the Rhone Valley?
* 95 Villages
* 22 Villages
* 17 Crus (8 in the Northern and 9 in the Southern Rhone)
220
What type of wines does Saint-Peray AOC make?
* Dry White
* Sparkling white wine (traditional method)
221
Unlike many AOCs in the Southern Rhone, Syrah is the dominant grape variety in this AOC. What is it?
Costieres de Nimes AOC
222
True or False
Significant percentage (36%) of the production of Ventoux AOC is Rose.
True
223
What is the common denominator of the following three AOCs in the Southern Rhone:
Ventoux AOC
Luberon AOC
Costieres de Nimes AOC
The three are non-Cotes du Rhone AOCs
224
Name three AOCs that lie on the open expanse of the valley floor and therefore exposed to the full brunt of the Mistral wind.
* Chateauneuf-du-Pape (on the east bank)
* Tavel (on the west bank)
* Lirac (on the west bank)
225
What is the primary soil type of the Northern Rhone?
Granite
226
What is the aging requirement of Rasteau AOC Rose VDN?
None
227
What geological feature impacts vineyards of Beuames de Venise AOC?
The Dentellles de Montmirail serve as.a wind break sheltering wines from the Mistral.
228
Name two prominent producers in the Rhone Valley.
* E. Guigal
* Chateau de Beaucastel (in Chateauneuf-du-Pape)
229
True or False
Half of the Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC wines are exported internationally.
True
230
What is the main training method of Syrah and Viognier in the Northern Rhone?
Guyot
231
Name four primary grapes used for Lirac AOC Rose and Red.
* Grenache
* Cinsaut
* Syrah
* Mourvedre
232
What style is the majority of VDNs made in Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?
White VDN - 83%
Rose VDN - 15%
Red VDN - 1% Red
All wines are made fresh reductive style
233
What is echalas?
In Rhone Valley, traditional support structure place two vines at the center of two or three stakes that are arragned teepee-fashion over them
234
What initiatives producers in the Southern Rhone are taking specifically to Grenache and Syrha to combat climate change?
* Develop disease resistant crosses with later ripening and higher yields
* Finding drought resistant rootstocks
235
Which three AOCs line on the open expanse of the valley floor and are therefore exposed to the full brunt of the Mistral?
* Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC
* Lilac AOC
* Tavel AOC
236
What geological feature the Southern Rhone Cru appellations are nestled along and what are the benefits derived from?
* The foothills of the Dentelles de Montmirail
* Serves as a sun trap and wind block for the vines depnding on the location
237
True or False
The majority of the Northern Rhone Crus are dedicated to red wine
True
238
What atrributes Mourvedre brings to Grenache baesd blends (4)?
* Alcohol
* Tannin
* Pigment
* Reductive nature
239
What wine was first called "Vin du Pape"?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
240
What is the modern training system used in the Southern Rhone to allow for better sun exposure, faciliates pruning and eliminates humidity buildup as well as to support against the wind?
Guyot
241
What did Pope John XXII do to make an obscure place north of Avignon to prominance?
He established a summer residence is what is now.Chateauneuf-du-Pape.
242
Are the AOCs of Ventoux, Luberon, Costieres de Nimes included in the Cotes du Rhone zone of production?
No
243
What training method is used for most vines in the Southern Rhone?
The Goblet method
This ground hugging training system protects the vines from the Mistral
244
Name three villages (AOC) that sit in the foothills of the Dentelles de Montmirail Mountains (servers as a sun trap and/or wind block).
* Gigondas AOC
* Vacqueyras AOC
* Beaumes de Venise AOC
245
What wine style does Beaumes de Venise AOC produce?
Red only
246
True or False
Minimally 66% of the red Cotes du Rhone Villages blend must be comprised of at least two of the principal grapes, one of them must be Grenache.
True
247
Which bank of the Rhone River, Chateauneuf-du-Pape, is on?
The Left Bank
248
Which soil type signifies many of Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC vineyards?
Galets
along with limestone, sandstone, clay
249
True of False
Both Chateauneuf-du-Pape and Tavel AOC has Galets.
True
250
True or False
Most vineyards in the Northern Rhone require hand harvesting due to its steep slopes.
True
251
What does Marsanne bring when co-fermented with Syrah (2)?
* Aromatic complexity
* Soften tannins
252
Which wine region in the Rhone has continental climate with alpine influences from the nearby Massif du Vercors and is one of the highest wine regions in France?
The Dios
253
What are the requirements for Rasteau AOC Red VDS Grenat and Tuile versions?
* Comprises at least 75% of Grenache Noir
* All threes Grenache must make up at least 90%
* Grenat (Reductive) - Aged the same as Blanc
* Tuile (Oxidative) - Aged the same as Ambre
