Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
What is Silex?
A
In Cetnre Loire, flinty clay soils
2
Q
Describe Mutage
A
The process of stopping a partially complete alcoholic fermentation through the addition of spirits in order to keep some residual sugar in the finished (fortified) wine;
This process is used for VDN winemaking
3
Q
Ugni Blanc Synonym (in Italy)
A
- Trebbiano Toscano
4
Q
Syrah - a natural croos of?
A
- Mondeuse Blanche X Dureza
5
Q
Define Rancio
A
Label nomenclature for VDNs and some dry wines
Refers to full oxidized reds and whites, brown in color and boasting characteristic aromas of walnut and orange peel
6
Q
Savagnin Blanc Cross
A
- Petit Melier
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Chenin Blanc
- Petit Manseng
- Sylvaner
- Savagnin Rose (variant)
- Gewurztraminer (variant)
7
Q
Meunier meaning ?
Synonyms
A
- Miller
- Gris Meunier, Meunier Noir (Loire)
8
Q
Grenache Noir Synonyms
A
- Garnacha Tinta (Spain)
- Cannonau (Italy - Sardinia)
9
Q
Describe Special Club
A
Peer-reviewed, prestige cuvees from members of the Club Tresors de Champagne.
These champagnes must be made entirely on a member’s own premises, with their own grapes and only in outstanding vintages
10
Q
Define “Prise de Mousse”
A
Translates literally as “seizing of foam”
The second alcoholic fermentation which converts the dry base wine into a sparkling wine
11
Q
What is “Pierres Dorees” and where are they primarilly found?
A
- “Golden Stones”
- Broken yello w limestone soils found in southern Beaujolais
12
Q
Chardonnay Synonyms
A
- Beaunois (Bougogne)
- Melon d’Arbois, Auvernat (Loire)
13
Q
Marssanne Synonym
A
- Bergeron (Savoie)
14
Q
Vermentino Synonyms
A
- Malvoisie de Corse (Corsica)
- Rolle (Provence)
15
Q
What is “Marl”?
A
A soil type consisting of clay and limestone in various porportion
16
Q
Describe Sur Lattes
A
The method of resting sparkling wine bottles stacked on their sides with think wood strips (lattes) between them
17
Q
Define Tete de Cuvee
A
Also known as Prestige Cuvee
In Champagne, a prestige bottling; the best product a champagne house produces
18
Q
Define ULLAGE
A
With oxygen exposure
19
Q
Describe “Disgorgement”
A
The process of removing the dead yeast cells from the bottle of sparkling wine in order to deliver a clear and non-gritty sparkling product
20
Q
Describe Sandstone
A
A type of soil composed of quartz sand particles that become cemented together over time
21
Q
Describe “Grenat”
A
Lable nomenclature for Vin Doux Naturel in Rivesaltes and Maury’
Refers to Red wines that have aged redecutively
22
Q
What is Igneous Rock?
A
Rock that is formed through the cooling and solidifcation of magma or lava
23
Q
What is “Cuvee” in Champagne?
A
Blended base wine, blend and/or special lot of wine
24
Q
Describe Rose de Presse
A
A method of making Rose;
Maaceration occurs only as the grapes are pressed. This extremely short amount of skin contact results in a lighter style Rose with less color, tannin, and structre than those made through Saiignee
25
Define Vin de Goutte
Free run juice
26
Melon de Bourgogne Synonym
* Muscadet (Loire)
27
Cabernet Franc Synonyms
* Breton (Loire)
* Bouchy (South West)
* Acheria (Ironleguy - SW)
28
What are "Liquoreux"?
Sweet wines made from late harvest grapes that are affected by noble rot. They are noticibly sweeter than Moelleux or semi sweet category
29
Describe Tirage
The acti of bottling a sparkling wine
30
Describe Micro-oxygenation
A technique developed to tame aggressive tannins wheerby minute amoounts of oxygen are slowly bubbled through the vat of wine.
The technique was developed by **Patrick Ducounau** while working with **Tannat in Madiran**
31
Descrboe Saignee
A french term that rranslates as "bleeding"
Used to describe the process of pulling pink juick from the skins with which it is macerating in order to make Rose
32
What are "lattes"?
Thin strips of wood used to separate sparkling wine bottles that are resting on their sides
33
Describe "Bourbenes"
Sandy clay congolerate in South West France
34
What is "Chalk"?
A type of porous limestone
35
36
Describe Traditionnel
Lable nomemclature for **VDNs in Maury**
Refers to red wines made in an oxidative manner
37
What is another used for "Dosage" in French?
Liquer de Dosage
Liquer d'Expedition
38
Define Passerillage
the process of twisting the stalk of grape bunches in order to stop the flow of sap.
This is done to desiccate grapes on the vine and concentrate sugars through water loss
39
What is "Echalas"?
Stakes or poles used to support vines
40
What is "Echelle des Crus"?
A vineyard ranking in Champagne based on a scale of 80-100%.
41
Grenache Synonym
* Garnacha (Spain)
42
Sciaccarello Synonym in Italy
Mamamole (Italy)
43
What is "Lutte Raisonee"?
Environmentally and financially responsible farming practices
44
Cot - Cross of?
Synonyms
* Prunelard X Magdalelein Noire des Charentes
* Malbec, Noir de Pressac (Bordeaux)
* Auxerrois (South West)
45
Mouvedre Synonyms in Spain
* Mataro
* Monastrell
46
What is "Maceration Pelliculaire"?
On the Skin
A technique for white wine production whereby grapes are crushed and allowed to macerate on the skin for a few hours in order to boost aromatics
47
Describe Rougiers
Iron Rich Clay Limestone soils in Marcillac
48
Fer Servadou Synonyms
* Similar in taste and structure to Cabernet Franc
* Braucol, Mansoi/Mansois, Penenc (South West)
49
Folle Blanches Synonyms
* Picpoul (Armanac)
* Gros Plant (Loire)
50
What is "Remembrement"?
A planned adjustment and consolidation of land, as in vineyards
51
Describe Powdery Mildew
A fungal disease indigenous to the USA
It blankets the vine with thick white fllaments. If an outbreak occurs before flowering, yields are reduced.
If the grape clusters become infected, they will not achieve full pigment development or grow to maximum size.
The fruit will be marked by off-flavors.
Also known as Oidium
52
Pinot Blanc Synonym
* Klevner (Alsace)
* PInot Vrai (Alsace)
53
Describe ResDur
Grapevines being developed in France that are resistant to fungal disease
54
Describe Schist
A type of soil formed from clay that has been compressed within the earth's crust
55
Cesar - a natural cross of?
* Pinot X Gansfusser
56
Define Vin Gris
French term for "gray wine"
Traditionally a wine made with red grapes using white winemaking techniques
57
What does Septentrinaux refer to?
The Northern Rhone
58
Trousseau Synonym (Spain, Portugal)
* Bastardo
59
What is Morgonner?
The tendency for Morgon wines to tase more like Pinot Noir as they age
60
Describe Tuile
Label nomenclature for VDNs
Refers to slightly oxidized red wines tht rake a tuile (clay-tile) color
61
Describe "Roches Pourries"
Rotted Rocks
Decompsed schist in MORGON
62
Petit Verdot Synonym
* Lambrusquet (Bordeaux) - meaning wild vines
63
Chenin Blanc Synonyms
* Gros Pineau, Pineau de la Loire (Loire)
* Rouchelein (South West)
64
What is "Caillottes"?
Small limeston pebbles in Centre-Loire
65
Define Pigeage
In Red winemaking, the act of punching down the cap of grape skins to re-integrate them into the juice
66
Describe Massif
A landform that most commonly manifests as a cluster of moiuntains and high elevation pleateaus;
Geologically the term refers to a portion of the earlth's crust bound together by faults into a mass. that is most commonly raised in respect to its surroundings.
67
What is another name for "Delestage"?
Rack and Return
68
Describe "Moelleux"
Translates as "Mellow"
Moelleux wines are semi-sweet wines made from late harverst grapes which may nor may not be affected by Noble Rot
69
Describe TRIS
Passes through the vineyard choosing ripe berries or clusters
70
Descrive "Hors d'Age"
Label nomenclature for VDNs;
Refers to wines that have aged for a long time under controlled oxidation prior to bottling - at least Five years ifor Riversaltes wines
71
Define Vin Jaune
A wine of Jura that matures under the influence of film yeasts and controlled oxydation
72
What does "Merodopmaux" refer to?
The Southern Rhone
73
What is Vin Clair?
Base wine used in Champagne to amke the cuvee
74
What is "Poundingues" and where are they found?
Galets in Jurancon
75
Carignan Synonym
and winemaking fact
* Carinena, Mazuelo (Spain)
* Carbonic Maceration is used to tame the tannins
76
Describe "Petillant Originel"
A sparkling wine from Montlouis-sur-Loire that has no addition of sugar or yeast.
It has one fermentation ages on less for 9 months and has no doasage after disgorgement.
77
What are the differences between "Edelzwicker" and "Gentil"?
* Edelzwicker: Blend of sveral grapes fermented separate or together. Optioonal Vintaging
* Gentil: Blend of at least 50% Riesling, Muscat, Pinot Gris and/or Gewurztraminer and the other 50% can be comprised of other grapes. Must be fermented Together. Vintage dating is mandatory.
78
Tibouren Synonym in Italy
Rossese di Dolceaqua ILiguria Italy)
79
Negrette Synonym
Petit Noir (South West)
80
Describe Mousse
The forthy bubbles in a glass of sparkling wine
81
Savagnin Rose is known in Alsace as:
Klevener de Hiligenstein
82
What is the role of Negociant?
Purchase grapes or wine from the growers who are too small or do not have the inclination to bottle and market their own wine
83
Describe Transversage
In sparkling wine production, a process in which 750 ml bottles are used to fill larger or smaller bottles
84
Fromenteau was one of the two principal grapes grown in Champange from teh 9th - 16th centuries.
The grape has gray-pink skin.
What is believed to be the variety now?
Pinot Gris
85
What is the difference between Methode Champeonoise and Methode Traditionelle
Methode Traditionnell is a term used to descrbie the Methode Champeenoise when utilzed outside the Champagne region
86
Describe "Debourbage"
Juice settling before fermentation
87
What does Merlot derive its name from?
Merle - French for "blackbird"
Merlot is named after the blackbird that feast upon it at harvest
88
What is Pinoter or Piinotent?
The tendency for certain Beaujolais Cru wines to taste more like PInot Noir as they age
89
When was the Napoleon Code of Inheritance mandage issued?
1804
90
What is "Demi-muid"?
600 litre cask
91
Describe "Aubuis"
Clay/Limestone soils in Touraine
92
Descrbie "Methode Ancestrale"
Procss of sparkling winemaking comprising one single alcholic fermentation that is bottled mid-ferment in order to trap the carbon dioxide gas in solution
Also known as Methode Rurale
93
Describe Tuffeau
A type of porous limestone fouind in the Middle Loire
94
Define Rift Valley
Bedrock that has dropped down between parallel geological faults.
A localized rift valley is known as GRABEN
95
Describe Vin de Paille
Translates as "Straw Wine"
A sweet wine made from air dried grapes traditionally dehydrated on straw matts
* Hermitage - Marsanne white grape
* Jura (Arobois, L'Etoile) - Chardonnay, Savagnin and Poulsaard (red grape)
* Alsace - Riesling
96
What is "Mutage sur Marc"?
In VDN winemaking the addition of a neutral grape spirit to a must that is macerating with solids.
Also known as Mutage sur Grains
97
Describe "Carmague"
Salt mash located west of Provence and east of Languedoc where the Rhone River finishes its run to the Mediterranean
98
What is "Manno-proteins"?
Molecules consisting of protein and sugar which are released as yeasts decompose during Sur Lie aging.
Manno-proteins add a creamy round mouthfeel to the finished wine
99
What are "Galets"?
Large round stones found in the South-West, Languedoc and Rhone regions.
100
What is "Marcottage"?
A vine propagation method
The act of burying cane (layering) to sprout new vines.
Also known as Provignage
101
Carmenere - a natural crosss of?
* Cabernet. Franc and Gros Cabernet
102
Define Remuage
Riddling
The process of collecting dead yeast cells into the neck of the champagne or other traditional-emthod sparking wine bottle in preparation for discgorging
103
Describe "Arene"
Sandy soils composed of weathered fledsparts, micas, quartz, and other minerals found in northern Beaujolais.
Also known as "Gorrhe"
104
Descrbie Terre Blanches
In Centre Loire, marl rich in oyster fossils
105
Describe "Coulure"
Poor fruit set caused by cloudy cold and/or wet weather at flowering
106
Pinot Gris Synonyms
* Tokay d'Alsace (no longer used in Alsace)
* Pinot Beurot (Bougogne)
* Malvoisie (Loire)
107
What is the significance of Abymes?
The vineyard is where the catastrophic landslide of Mont Granier occurred in the night of 1248 that decimated villages and 4000 people.
108
Define Rimage
Label nomenclatuire of VDNs;
Refers to red wines that have aged reductively
109
Define "Sous Voile"
Under Veil, under flor or with ULLAGE
110
Describe "Bioherm"
Reel like mound of earth composed of dead sea creatures such as corals, starfish, and mollusks
111
What is Perruches?
Flinty clays in Touraine and Centre-Loire
112
What is "Jupone"?
Young mushroom shaped sparkling wine cork
113
What is Inox?
Stainless Steel aging vessels
114
Define "Ouille"
Without ULLAGE, topped up or without oxygen
115
Marselan Cross of ?
* Cabernet Sauvginon X Grenache
116
Nielluccio Synonym in Italy, Corsica
* Sangiovese (Italy)
* Niellucciu (Corsica)
117
Mondeuse Blanche X Dureza Cross grape
Syrah
118
Describe "Crayeres"
Underground chalk quarries now used as wine cellars in Champagne
119
Define Remontage
Pumpiing juice over the red grape skin cap to maiximize extraction
120
Define Vin de Garde
Wine for Cellaring (age worthy wine)
121
Gounais Blanc Cross
* Aligote (x Pinot)
* Auxerrois (x Pinot)
* Chardonnay (x Pinot)
* Gamay Noir a Jus Blanc
* Melon de Bougogne (x Pinot)
* Remorantin (x Pinot Teinturier)
* Sacy (x Pinot)
* Coloumbard (x Chenin Blanc)
* Folle Blanceh
* Grolleau Noir
* Arbois
* Riesling
122
What is "Cheville"?
Old peg shaped sparkling wine cork
123
Describe "Fines Bulles"
French term for "fine or small bubbles"
Colloquial reference to the sparkling wines of the Loire
124
Describe "Garrigue"
An arid stony earth that can only support lavender, herbs, dwarf oak tress and the vine.
It can refer to the limestone itself, the resinous herbs and scrub vegetation that grow upon it and the aroma of those herbs when crushed underfott or echoed in the aromatic profile of the wines themselves.
125
Describe Solera
Champagnes that are made from a single stainless steel tank or oak foudre that is kept perpetually, based on specific parameters
Also known as Perptual Reserve
