Rhinology Flashcards
Common presenting symptoms in rhinology
Nasal obstruction Nasal discharge Epistaxis Facial pain Nasal deformity Anosmia Sneezing
Important aspects of past medical history in rhinology
Medical treatment Nasal surgery Nasal trauma Atopy Asthma, aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps
Important aspects of occupational history in rhinology
Wood workers - carcinogen/chemical exposure
Important aspects of social history in rhinology
Alcohol
Smoking
Cocaine abuse
Investigations done in rhinology
Allergy tests - skin prick, RAST FBC ANCA, ESR, ACE CT MRI
Type of hypersensitivity reaction tested in skin prick testing
Type 1 - IgE mediated
Response to skin prick testing
Wheal and flare response
What should be included in skin prick testing?
Positive solution and control solution (saline)
Common nasal disorders
Nasal trauma
Epistaxis
Rhinosinusitis
Symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis
Nasal congestion
Post-nasal drip and hyposmia
Recurrent sinonfacial discomfort
Investigations done if suspecting chronic rhinosinusitis
Flexible or rigid nasendoscopy
Coronal CT
Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
Steroids - prednisolone 30mg once daily or 10 days Nasal drops Nasal spray Saline nasal douche Surgery
Difference between acute and chronic rhinosinusitis
acute < 12 weeks
chronic > 12 weeks
Causes of epistaxis
Idiopathic
Infection
Trauma
Blood dyscrasia
Initial management of epistaxis
Digital pressure for 20 minutes Further examination if uncontrolled or recurrent Admission Nasal packs Surgery
