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Head and Neck > Anatomy/Physiology of Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy/Physiology of Throat Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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2
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A

Lips to palatoglossal arch
Palate to floor of the mouth/tongue
Buccal mucosa

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3
Q

Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?

A

Pierces the buccinator muscle and opens up into the oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek (opposite maxillary second molar)

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4
Q

Where does the submandibular duct lie in the oral cavity?

A

Superior to digastric muscle

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5
Q

Lingual nerve supplies

A

general somatic afferent innervation from anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

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6
Q

Lingual nerve is a branch of

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What supplies sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve - sensation

Chorda tympani - taste

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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9
Q

What are the most numerous type of papillae on the tongue? Do these contain taste buds?

A

Filiform papillae

No

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10
Q

Where are the fungiform papillae located?

A

Throughout the dorsum of the tongue

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11
Q

Where are the circumvallate papillae located?

A

In a row anterior to the sulcus terminalis

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12
Q

The circumvallate papillae demarcate

A

the junction of the oral and pharyngeal portions of the tongue base

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13
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue act to

A

alter the shape of the tongue

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14
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue act to

A

alter the position of the tongue

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15
Q

The hypoglossal nerve supplies all muscles of the tongue except which one? What is its supply?

A

Palatoglossus, supplied by pharyngeal plexus

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16
Q

Functions of the tongue

A

Taste
Mastication
Swallowing
Speech

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17
Q

Oral cavity functions

A 
Taste 
Mastication 
Speech 
Digestion 
Swallowing
18
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

19
Q

Nerve supply to muscles of mastication

A

CN V3 - branch of trigeminal nerve

20
Q

Oropharynx boundaries

A

Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis
Palatoglossus arch to posterior pharyngeal wall
Faucial pillars and palatine tonsils

21
Q

Epithelium of oropharynx

A

Stratified, non-keratonised squamous epithelium

22
Q

Nerve supply of oropharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and X

23
Q

Hypopharynx boundaries

A

Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
Continuous with oesophagus
Back of larynx

24
Q

3 subsites of the hypopharynx

A

Pyriform sinus
Post-cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall

25
Q

Nerve supply of hypopharynx

A

Pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and X

26
Q

Functions of larynx

A

Part of respiratory tract
Voice
Swallowing

27
Q

Parts of the larynx

A

Supraglottis
Glottis
Epiglottis

28
Q

Segments of cartilage of the larynx

A

Cricoid
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Paired corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

29
Q

Motor innervation of the larynx

A

All intrinsic muscles by recurrent laryngeal nerve, except cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external laryngeal nerve

30
Q

Sensory innervation of the supraglottis

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

31
Q

Sensory innervation of the glottis and subglottis

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

32
Q

Phases of swallowing

A

Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal

33
Q

Describe oral phase of swallowing

A

Tongue propels bolus into the pharynx which triggers the swallowing reflex

34
Q

Describe pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

Soft palate pulled upwards, epiglottis covers larynx, upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes, respiration is reflex inhibited

35
Q

Describe oesophageal phase of swallowing

A

Upper oesophageal sphincter constricts once bolus has passed it, bolus is propelled downwards via peristaltic motion

36
Q

Function of respiration in voice production

A

Source of energy - air flow

37
Q

Function of phonation in voice production

A

Flow of air through different vocal cord positions, tensions, vibrations and lengths

38
Q

Function of resonation in voice production

A

Oral/nasal speech balance

39
Q

Function of articulation in voice production

A

Production of speech via action of lips, tongue and jaw

40
Q

Function of prosody in voice production

A

Production of syllable stress and emphasis, speech tone

Head and Neck (12 decks)

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