Anatomy/Physiology of Throat Flashcards
What are the two parts of the oral cavity?
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper
Boundaries of the oral cavity
Lips to palatoglossal arch
Palate to floor of the mouth/tongue
Buccal mucosa
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?
Pierces the buccinator muscle and opens up into the oral cavity on the inner surface of the cheek (opposite maxillary second molar)
Where does the submandibular duct lie in the oral cavity?
Superior to digastric muscle
Lingual nerve supplies
general somatic afferent innervation from anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
Lingual nerve is a branch of
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
What supplies sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?
Lingual nerve - sensation
Chorda tympani - taste
What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
What are the most numerous type of papillae on the tongue? Do these contain taste buds?
Filiform papillae
No
Where are the fungiform papillae located?
Throughout the dorsum of the tongue
Where are the circumvallate papillae located?
In a row anterior to the sulcus terminalis
The circumvallate papillae demarcate
the junction of the oral and pharyngeal portions of the tongue base
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue act to
alter the shape of the tongue
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue act to
alter the position of the tongue
The hypoglossal nerve supplies all muscles of the tongue except which one? What is its supply?
Palatoglossus, supplied by pharyngeal plexus
Functions of the tongue
Taste
Mastication
Swallowing
Speech
Oral cavity functions
Taste Mastication Speech Digestion Swallowing
Muscles of mastication
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter
Nerve supply to muscles of mastication
CN V3 - branch of trigeminal nerve
Oropharynx boundaries
Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis
Palatoglossus arch to posterior pharyngeal wall
Faucial pillars and palatine tonsils
Epithelium of oropharynx
Stratified, non-keratonised squamous epithelium
Nerve supply of oropharynx
Pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and X
Hypopharynx boundaries
Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage
Continuous with oesophagus
Back of larynx
3 subsites of the hypopharynx
Pyriform sinus
Post-cricoid area
Posterior pharyngeal wall
Nerve supply of hypopharynx
Pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and X
Functions of larynx
Part of respiratory tract
Voice
Swallowing
Parts of the larynx
Supraglottis
Glottis
Epiglottis
Segments of cartilage of the larynx
Cricoid
Thyroid
Epiglottis
Paired corniculate and cuneiform cartilages
Motor innervation of the larynx
All intrinsic muscles by recurrent laryngeal nerve, except cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external laryngeal nerve
Sensory innervation of the supraglottis
Internal laryngeal nerve
Sensory innervation of the glottis and subglottis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phases of swallowing
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal
Describe oral phase of swallowing
Tongue propels bolus into the pharynx which triggers the swallowing reflex
Describe pharyngeal phase of swallowing
Soft palate pulled upwards, epiglottis covers larynx, upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes, respiration is reflex inhibited
Describe oesophageal phase of swallowing
Upper oesophageal sphincter constricts once bolus has passed it, bolus is propelled downwards via peristaltic motion
Function of respiration in voice production
Source of energy - air flow
Function of phonation in voice production
Flow of air through different vocal cord positions, tensions, vibrations and lengths
Function of resonation in voice production
Oral/nasal speech balance
Function of articulation in voice production
Production of speech via action of lips, tongue and jaw
Function of prosody in voice production
Production of syllable stress and emphasis, speech tone
