Allergy Flashcards
Define allergy
hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system
Allergic reaction is
an exaggerated or inappropriate immune reaction causing damage to the host
On the first exposure to an allergen there is
a response with T cells and B cells producing IgE
Triggering of mast cells causes
antigen-antibody reaction which leads to degranulation of the mast cells and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site
Systemic effects of an acute allergic reaction
Vasodilation
Mucous secretion
Nerve stimulation
Smooth muscle contraction
Degranulation of mast cells releases
Histamine Cytokines Interleukins Leukotrienes Prostaglandins
After how long does a late-phase response occur?
2-4 hours
Late phase response is due to migration of leukocytes such as
neutrophiles
lymphocytes
eosinophils
macrophages
Risk factors for allergy
Heredity race age alterations in exposure to infectious disease in early childhood environmental pollution allergen levels dietary changes
What is an allergen?
An antigen that causes an allergic reaction
Common food allergens
Peanuts Eggs Milk Dairy Shellfish etc.
RAST tests
presence and levels of allergen-specific IgE
What should be used as the positive and control substances in skin allergy testing?
Positive - histamine
Control - saline
Treatment options for allergy
Allergen avoidance
Pharmacotherapy
Immunotherapy
Drugs that can be used for treatment of allergy
Antihistamines Glucocorticoids Epinephrine Theophylline Cromolyn solution Antileukotrienes
