rhinitis Flashcards
another name for common cold
coryza
what can cause coryza
- adenovirus
- coronavirus
- adenovirus
how is coryza spread
close person contact or droplets
how is spread of infection increased
overcrowding and poor ventilation
what are symptoms of coryza
- tiredness
- pyrexia
- malaise
- sore nose and pharynx
- sneezing
- watery nasal discharge
what is rhinitis
sneezing attacks
what is another name for seasonal rhinitis
hay fever
what are symptoms of season rhinitis
- sneezing
- itchy eyes
- water rhinorrhoea
what is a common allergen
pets
what do nasal polyps contain
- mast cells
- eosinophils
- mononuclear cells
what can nasal polyps cause (symptoms)
- loss of smell
- nasal obstruction
- loss of taste
- mouth breathing
what autonomic innervation causes mucus production
parasympathetic
what autonomic innervation do blood vessels have
both
what do sympathetic innervation of blood vessels cause
them to be partially constricted and aiding nasal latency e
what does parasympathetic innervation do to blood vessels
dilate them
what do B cells produce against allergens
IgE antibodies
what does IgE do
bind to mast cells, that release histamine, protease and prostaglandins
these mediators cause sneezing, itch, rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion
what 2 interleukins from T cells stimulate B cells
IL-4
IL-13
treatment of rhinitis
- allergen avoidance
- H1 antihistamines
- corticosteroids
- leukotriene
where do dust mites usually affect
bedroom
what is most common therapy for rhinitis
H1 antihistamines
examples of H1 antihistamines
- loratadine
- desloratadine
- cetirizine
example of anti-inflammatory
sodium cromoglicate
how does sodium cromoglicate work
by blocking intracellular chloride channel
what is most effective treatment for rhinitis
topical corticosteroid
examples of corticosteroid
- beclometasone
- fluticasone
common cause
rhinovirus
