rhinitis Flashcards

1
Q

another name for common cold

A

coryza

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2
Q

what can cause coryza

A
  • adenovirus
  • coronavirus
  • adenovirus
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3
Q

how is coryza spread

A

close person contact or droplets

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4
Q

how is spread of infection increased

A

overcrowding and poor ventilation

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5
Q

what are symptoms of coryza

A
  • tiredness
  • pyrexia
  • malaise
  • sore nose and pharynx
  • sneezing
  • watery nasal discharge
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6
Q

what is rhinitis

A

sneezing attacks

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7
Q

what is another name for seasonal rhinitis

A

hay fever

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8
Q

what are symptoms of season rhinitis

A
  • sneezing
  • itchy eyes
  • water rhinorrhoea
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9
Q

what is a common allergen

A

pets

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10
Q

what do nasal polyps contain

A
  • mast cells
  • eosinophils
  • mononuclear cells
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11
Q

what can nasal polyps cause (symptoms)

A
  • loss of smell
  • nasal obstruction
  • loss of taste
  • mouth breathing
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12
Q

what autonomic innervation causes mucus production

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

what autonomic innervation do blood vessels have

A

both

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14
Q

what do sympathetic innervation of blood vessels cause

A

them to be partially constricted and aiding nasal latency e

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15
Q

what does parasympathetic innervation do to blood vessels

A

dilate them

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16
Q

what do B cells produce against allergens

A

IgE antibodies

17
Q

what does IgE do

A

bind to mast cells, that release histamine, protease and prostaglandins

these mediators cause sneezing, itch, rhinorrhoea, nasal congestion

18
Q

what 2 interleukins from T cells stimulate B cells

A

IL-4

IL-13

19
Q

treatment of rhinitis

A
  • allergen avoidance
  • H1 antihistamines
  • corticosteroids
  • leukotriene
20
Q

where do dust mites usually affect

A

bedroom

21
Q

what is most common therapy for rhinitis

A

H1 antihistamines

22
Q

examples of H1 antihistamines

A
  • loratadine
  • desloratadine
  • cetirizine
23
Q

example of anti-inflammatory

A

sodium cromoglicate

24
Q

how does sodium cromoglicate work

A

by blocking intracellular chloride channel

25
Q

what is most effective treatment for rhinitis

A

topical corticosteroid

26
Q

examples of corticosteroid

A
  • beclometasone

- fluticasone

27
Q

common cause

A

rhinovirus