disorders of chest wall - trauma, pectus excavatum, pleurisy Flashcards
what can trauma to the thoracic wall lead to
- pneumothorax
- haemothorax
what can cause rib fractures
- trauma
- coughing
- patients with osteoporosis
what can inadequate chest expansion and coughing lead to
pneumonia
what is treatment of trauma
adequate oral analgesia
what can 2 fractures in one rib lead to
flail segment
what is surgical emphysema caused by
air leaking into subcutaneous connective tissue
what does rupture of oesophagus lead to
mediastinitis
what causes widespread fluffy shadows on chest x-ray
lung contusion
what causes kyphoscoliosis
diseases of vertebrae such as TB or osteomalacia
or
neuromuscular disease such as Friedreich’s ataxia
what is pectus excavatum
deep vertical furrow in the chest
how is pectus excavatum treated
surgery
what is pleurisy
pain arising from any disease of the pleura
what does localised inflammation produce
- sharp localised pain which is worse on deep inspiration
- coughing
what are causes of pleurisy
- pneumonia
- pulmonary infarct
- carcinoma
rare:
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic lupus eryhtematosus
what is chylothorax
accumulation of lymph in the pleural space
