bronchiectasis Flashcards
1
Q
what is it
A
abnormal and permanently dilated airways
2
Q
what is it characterised by
A
- neutrophilic inflammation
- recurrent infection
- damage to the airway
3
Q
what does it impair
A
mucociliary clearance
4
Q
what is the lead cause
A
tuberculosis
5
Q
causes
A
- foreign body
- tuberculosis
- tumour
- pneumonia
- sarcoidosis
- IPF
- HIV
6
Q
symptoms
A
- cough
- sputum (large amounts)
- breathlessness
- haemoptysis (signs infection)
- infection
- pleuritic chest pain
- coarse cackles
- clubbing
7
Q
what is investigation of choice
A
HRCT
8
Q
what does HRCT show
A
tram track airways
9
Q
what other investigations can be done
A
- CXR
- sputum exam
- sweat test
- nasal nitric oxide
10
Q
what can be seen on CXR
A
- tram track airways
- ring shadows
- cysts
11
Q
what is sputum exam useful for
A
focused antibiotic treatment
12
Q
what should be done to all patients under 40
A
sweat test
13
Q
what are 3 broad categories for treatment
A
- airway clearance
- anti-inflammatories
- infection
14
Q
what is used for anti-inflammatory
A
long term azithromycin
15
Q
how long does treatment for exacerbation last
A
2 weeks
