bronchiectasis Flashcards

1
Q

what is it

A

abnormal and permanently dilated airways

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2
Q

what is it characterised by

A
  • neutrophilic inflammation
  • recurrent infection
  • damage to the airway
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3
Q

what does it impair

A

mucociliary clearance

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4
Q

what is the lead cause

A

tuberculosis

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5
Q

causes

A
  • foreign body
  • tuberculosis
  • tumour
  • pneumonia
  • sarcoidosis
  • IPF
  • HIV
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6
Q

symptoms

A
  • cough
  • sputum (large amounts)
  • breathlessness
  • haemoptysis (signs infection)
  • infection
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • coarse cackles
  • clubbing
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7
Q

what is investigation of choice

A

HRCT

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8
Q

what does HRCT show

A

tram track airways

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9
Q

what other investigations can be done

A
  • CXR
  • sputum exam
  • sweat test
  • nasal nitric oxide
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10
Q

what can be seen on CXR

A
  • tram track airways
  • ring shadows
  • cysts
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11
Q

what is sputum exam useful for

A

focused antibiotic treatment

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12
Q

what should be done to all patients under 40

A

sweat test

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13
Q

what are 3 broad categories for treatment

A
  • airway clearance
  • anti-inflammatories
  • infection
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14
Q

what is used for anti-inflammatory

A

long term azithromycin

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15
Q

how long does treatment for exacerbation last

A

2 weeks

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16
Q

what is good for treating pseudomonas

A

ciprofloxacin

17
Q

what infection is common in bronchiectasis

A

haemophilus influenza

18
Q

treatment for haemophilus influenza

A
  • amoxicillin
  • co-amoxiclav
  • doxycycline
19
Q

what should patients with reduced exercise capacity be given

A

pulmonary rehabilitation

20
Q

what is respiratory failure treated with

A

oxygen and non-invasive ventilation