bronchiectasis Flashcards
what is it
abnormal and permanently dilated airways
what is it characterised by
- neutrophilic inflammation
- recurrent infection
- damage to the airway
what does it impair
mucociliary clearance
what is the lead cause
tuberculosis
causes
- foreign body
- tuberculosis
- tumour
- pneumonia
- sarcoidosis
- IPF
- HIV
symptoms
- cough
- sputum (large amounts)
- breathlessness
- haemoptysis (signs infection)
- infection
- pleuritic chest pain
- coarse cackles
- clubbing
what is investigation of choice
HRCT
what does HRCT show
tram track airways
what other investigations can be done
- CXR
- sputum exam
- sweat test
- nasal nitric oxide
what can be seen on CXR
- tram track airways
- ring shadows
- cysts
what is sputum exam useful for
focused antibiotic treatment
what should be done to all patients under 40
sweat test
what are 3 broad categories for treatment
- airway clearance
- anti-inflammatories
- infection
what is used for anti-inflammatory
long term azithromycin
how long does treatment for exacerbation last
2 weeks
what is good for treating pseudomonas
ciprofloxacin
what infection is common in bronchiectasis
haemophilus influenza
treatment for haemophilus influenza
- amoxicillin
- co-amoxiclav
- doxycycline
what should patients with reduced exercise capacity be given
pulmonary rehabilitation
what is respiratory failure treated with
oxygen and non-invasive ventilation
