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respiratory > clinical features > Flashcards

clinical features Flashcards

1
Q

what is rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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2
Q

what can be caused by allergic rhinitis

A

allergic rhinitis

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3
Q

what are characteristics of nasal secretions in allergic rhinitis

A

thin and runny

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4
Q

what are nasal secretion in viral infections

A

thicker and discoloured

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5
Q

what are characteristics of nasal tumour

A

blood-stained nasal discharge associated with nasal obstruction

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6
Q

what is the commonest symptoms of lower respiratory tract disease

A

cough

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7
Q

how is coughing caused

A

by mechanical or chemical stimulation of cough receptors in epithelium of pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and diaphragm

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8
Q

where is the cough receptor

A

medulla

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9
Q

what do smokers often have in the morning

A

cough with some sputum

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10
Q

what kind of cough in asthma

A

dry cough at night

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11
Q

what kind of cough in chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough

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12
Q

what kind of cough is seen in lung cancer

A

worsening cough

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13
Q

what can accompany cough

A

stridor - whooping cough
or
laryngeal or tracheal obstruction

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14
Q

how is excess sputum gone

A

as sputum

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of excess mucus production

A

smoking

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16
Q

what is mucoid sputum

A

clear and white can contain black specks

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17
Q

what is yellow or green sputum due to

A

presence of cellular material e.g. bronchial epithelial cells/neutrophils/eosinophils

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18
Q

what is large quantities of yellow or green sputum a characteristic of

A

bronchiectasis

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19
Q

what is haemoptysis

A

blood-stained sputum

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20
Q

what is most common cause of mild haemoptysis

A

acute infection e.g. COPD exac

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21
Q

is there haemoptysis in tuberculosis

A

yes

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22
Q

what is sputum like in lobar pneumonia

A

rusty appearance

23
Q

what is sputum like in pulmonary oedema

A

pink, frothy sputum

24
Q

what is sputum like in bronchiectasis

A

blood mixed with purulent sputum

25
Q

what is massive haemoptysis usually due to

A

bronchiectasis
or
tuberculosis

26
Q

what investigation should be done for haemoptysis

A

CXR

27
Q

what is orthopnoea

A

breathlessness on lying down

28
Q

what is orthopnoea associated with

A

heart failure

29
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

inappropriate overbreathing

30
Q

what can cause wheeze

A
  • asthma
  • vocal chord dysfunction
  • bronchiolitis
  • COPD
31
Q

when is pleuritic pain worsened

A

deep berating or coughing

32
Q

is pleuritic pain localised

A

yes

33
Q

what does shoulder tip pain suggest

A

irritation of diaphragmatic pleat

34
Q

what is chest pain radiating to neck and arms

A

cardiac pain

35
Q

what is cyanosis due to

A

destaturated haemoglobin

36
Q

does clubbing occur in COPD

A

NO

37
Q

what are causes of clubbing

A
  • carcinoma
  • empyema
  • abscess
  • IPF
  • endocarditis
  • cirrhosis
38
Q

what is a cause of consolidation

A

pneumonia

39
Q

what is sot common cause of large round shadows on CXR

A

lung cancer

40
Q

what are causes of miliary on CXR

A
  • tuberculosis
  • IPF
  • sarcoidosis
  • pneumoconiosis
41
Q

Kerley B lines on CXR

A

heart failure

pulmonary oedema

42
Q

tram line shadowing on CXR

A

bronchiectasis

43
Q

miliary shadowing on CXR

A

miliary TB

44
Q

wedge shape infarct on CXR

A

PE

45
Q

ground glass appearance on CXR

A

early fibrosis

46
Q

honeycomb appearance on CXR

A

late fibrosis

47
Q

pleural mass with lobulated margin on CXR

A

mesothelioma

48
Q

bilateral pleural thickening is

A

asbestosis

49
Q

what causes haemoptysis

A
  • lung cancer
  • respiratory tract infection
  • PE
  • bronchiectasis
  • tuberculosis
50
Q

causes of cough

A
  • respiratory tract infection
  • chronic bronchitis
  • lung cancer
  • bronchiectasis
  • tuberculosis
51
Q

causes of finger clubbing

A
  • lung cancer
  • bronchiectasis
  • pulmonary fibrosis
52
Q

causes of chest pain

A
  • pneumonia

- PE

53
Q

causes of breathlessness

A
  • asthma
  • chronic bronchitis
  • emphysema
  • pneumonia
  • pneumothorax
  • PE
  • pleural effusion

respiratory (20 decks)

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