Rheumatology - Vasculitis Flashcards
Henloch-Schonlein Purpura
Microscopic Polyangitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease
GCA
Takayasu’s Arteritis
How is vasculitis managed?
Steroids to target affected area e.g. prednisolone and hydrocortisone
Cyclophosphamide
Rituximab
What is Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
IgA vasculitis
Presents in children with a purpuric rash affecting lower limbs and buttocks
Why does inflammation occur in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
IgA deposition in blood vessels
What is affected in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Skin
Kidneys
GI
What can trigger Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
URTI
Gastroenteritis
Who is commonly affected by Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Kids under 10
What are the 4 classic features of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
Purpura
Joint pain
Abdominal pain
Renal involvement (IgA nephritis)
How is Henoch-Schonlein purpura managed?
Supportive
Monitored with
Urine dipstick
BP
What are the main features of microscopic polyangiitis?
Renal failure due to glomerulonephritis
Haemoptysis due to diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
What is affected in Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Respiratory tract
Kidneys- causes rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
In the respiratory tract what are the effects in Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Upper
Nose bleeds
Hearing loss
Sinusitis
Lower
Haemoptysis
What is a classic sign of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Saddle-shaped nose
Due to nasal bridge collapse causing the nasal ridge to dip inwards
What is Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Small-vessel vasculitis
Affects the lungs and skin
Can affect kidneys
How does Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis present?
Severe asthma in middle age
Sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis
Raised eosinophils
What is Polyarteritis Nodosa?
Medium-vessel vasculitis
Idiopathic or secondary to infection especially Hep B
What are the typical features of Polyarteritis Nodosa?
Renal impairment
Hypertension
Tender, erythematous skin nodules
MI
Stroke
Mesenteric arteritis
What is Kawasaki Disease?
Medium-vessel vasculitis
Affects kids under 5
No clear cause
What are the features of Kawasaki Disease?
Persistent higher fever for over 5 days
Widespread erythematous maculopapular rash
Desquamation
Bilateral conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
What is a key complication of Kawasaki Disease?
Coronary artery aneurysms
Aspirin and IV immunoglobulins
What is Takayasu’s Arteritis?
Large vessel vasculitis
Mainly affects aorta, can affect pulmonary arteries
Vessels swell and form aneurysms or become narrowed and blocked
Stenosis or occlusion can reduce pulse and BP in the limb
When does Takayasu’s Arteritis present?
Before 40
Non-specific symptoms
Claudication symptoms particularly in arm
How is Takayasu’s Arteritis diagnosed?
CT
MRI angiography
