Rheumatology Flashcards
1
Q
Osteopetrosis is a disorder of…
A
Osteoclast function
2
Q
Osteopetrosis: features
A
Dense, thick bones prone to fractures
3
Q
Osteopetrosis: bloods
A
Normal calcium, phosphate and ALP
4
Q
Osteomalacia: causes (5)
A
Vitamin D deficiency CKD Drug induced Inherited Liver cirrhosis
5
Q
Osteomalacia: features
A
Bone pain
Fractures
Proximal myopathy
6
Q
Osteomalacia: bloods
A
Low vitamin D
Low calcium and phosphate
Raised ALP
7
Q
Osteomalacia: x-ray
A
Translucent bands
Looser’s zones
8
Q
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: assoications
A
Anti-centromere antibodies
9
Q
CREST syndrome
A
Calcinosis Raynaud's Oesophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia
10
Q
Diffuse cutaenous systemic sclerosis: associations
A
scl-70 antibodies
11
Q
Scleroderma: features
A
tightening and fibrosis of skin
12
Q
Scleroderma: features
A
ANA positive in 90%
13
Q
Reactive arthritis: post dysentry
A
Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter
14
Q
Reactive arthritis: post STI
A
Chlamydia
15
Q
T score >-1.0
A
Normal
16
Q
T score -1.0 to -2.5
A
Osteopenia
17
Q
T score
A
Osteoporosis
18
Q
Psoriatic arthritis: features
A
Symmetric polyarthritis
Asymmetrical oligoarthritis
DIP joint disease
19
Q
Pseudogout: associations
A
Haemochromatosis Hyperparathyroid Low Mg and PO4 Acromegaly Wilson's
20
Q
Pseudogout: aspiration
A
weakly positive birefringment rhomboid shaped crystals
21
Q
Adhesive capsulitis: features
A
Weakened external rotation
22
Q
Causes of AVN
A
Steroids
Chemo
Alcohol
Trauma
23
Q
Collagen affected in osteogenesis imperfecta
A
type 1
24
Q
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: features
A
Childhood
Fractures
Blue sclera
Deafness
25
Pain worse on wrist extension is..
Lateral epicondylitis
26
Pain worse on wrist flexion is...
Medial epicondylitis
27
De Quervain's: what?
Inflammation of sheath containing extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
28
De Quervain's: features
Pain on radial side of wrist
Tenderness over radial styloid process
Abduction of thumb is painful
29
Rheumatoid arthritis: antibodies
Rheumatoid factor
| ACPA
30
Dermatomyositis: what?
Inflammatory disorder causing symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness and skin lesions
31
Dermatomyositis: skin features
```
Photosensitive rash
Macular rash over back and shoulder
Helitrop rash in periorbital region
Gottron's papules
Mechanis hands
```
32
Dermatomyositis: Ix
Elevated CK
EMG
ANA positive
anti-Mi 2 (specific)
33
SLE: antibodies
ANA (99% positive)
anti-dsDNA
anti-Smith
34
RA: X ray changes
Loss of joint space
Juxta-articular OP
Soft tissue swelling
35
Paget's: features
Bone pain
| Isolated ALP raise
36
Paget's: Mx
Bisphosphonate
| Calcitonin
37
Polymyositis: what?
Inflammatory disorder causing symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness
38
Polymyositis: features
```
Proximal muscle weakness
Raynaud's
Respiratory muscle weakness
ILD
Dysphagia
```
39
Antiphospholipid Sx: features
```
VTE
Recurrent miscarraige
Livedo reticularis
Thrombocytopenia
Prolonged APTT
```
40
Antibodies: RA
RhF
| Anti-CCP
41
Antibodies: SLE
ANA
| dsDNA
42
Antibodies: Dermatomysoitis/Polymyositis
Anti-Jo
43
Antibodies: Limited scleroderma
anti-centromere
44
Antibodies: Diffuse scleroderma
anti scl-70
45
Antibodies: Sjogren's Sx
Anto Ro
ANA
RhF
46
Antibodies: microscopic polyangiitis
pANCA
47
Antibodies: Wegner's granulomatosis
cANCA
48
New diagnosis of dermatomyositis requires investigation of...
cancer
49
Langerhans cell histocytosis: features
bone pain
cutaneous nodules
recurrent otitis media
tennis racket-shaped Birbeck granules
50
Leflunomide: contraception
2 years following cessation
51
Sensory loss over anterior thigh
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test
L3 palsy
52
Sensory loss of anterior knee
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test
L4 palsy
53
Sensory loss on dorsum foot
Weakness in foot and hallux dorsiflexion
Relfexes in tact
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test
L5 palsy
54
Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral foot
Weakness in plantar flexion
Reduced ankle reflex
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test
S1 palsy
55
Meralgia paraesthetica: lesions
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
56
Raloxifene: MoA
Selective oestrogen receptor modulator
57
Strontium ranelate: MoA
Increases deposition of new bone by osteoblasts
| Reduces resorption of bone by inhibiting osteoclasts
58
Denosumab
Human monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANK ligand
59
Paget's disease: features
Older male with bone pain and isolated raised ALP
60
Polyarteritis nodosa: features
```
Fever, malaise, arthralgia
Weight loss
HTN
Mononeuritis multiplex
Livedo reticularis
```
61
cANCA target
Serine proteinase 3
62
cANCA indicates
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
63
pANCA target
myeloperoxidase
64
pANCA associations
UC, PSC, anti-GBM, Crohn's
65
Drug induced Lupus: causes
```
Procainamide
Hydralazine
Isonazid
Minocycline
Phenytoin
```
66
Iliopsoas abscess: tests
Pain on hyperextension of hip
67
Marfan's: features
```
Tall
High arched palate
Arachnodactyly
Pectus excavatum
Pes planus
Scoliosis
Aortic sinus dilatation
MV proplapse
Pneumothoraces
Upwards lens dislocation
Blue sclera
Dural ectasia
```
68
McArdle's disease
AR type V glycogen storage disease
69
McArdle's disease: features
Muscle pain and stiffness following exercise
Cramps
Myoglobinuria
Low lactate during exercise
70
Pseudogout: RF
Haemochromatosis
Hyperparathyroid
Low Mg, low PO4
Acromegaly, Wilson's
71
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: features
Retinal angioid streaks
Plucked chicken skin appearance
MV prolpase
GI haemorrhage
72
Relapsing polychondritis: what?
Repeated episodes of inflammation and deterioration of cartilage
73
Relapsing polychrondritis: features
```
Aurricular chondritis, hearing loss, vertigo
Saddle nose deformity
Hoarseness, aphonia, wheezing, stridor
Episcleritis, scleritis
Arthralgia
```
74
Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab
TNF inhibitors
75
Rituximab
Anti-CD20
76
Still's disease in adults: features
Arthralgia, elevated ferritin, salmon pink macular-papular rash, pyrexia, LN
Rf and ANA negative
77
SLE: pregnancy
Congential heart block
| Associated with anti-RO antibodies
