Infectious Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Schizonts on blood film Parasitaemia Hypoglycaemia Acidosis Pyrexia Severe anaemia
A
Falciparum malaria: features
2
Q
Falciparum malaria: complications (5)
A
Cerebral malaria Acute renal failure ARDS Hypoglycaemia DIC
3
Q
Falciparum malaria: Mx
A
IV artesunate
4
Q
Non-falciparum malaria: causes
A
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae
5
Q
P. vivax location
A
Central america and Indian subcontinent
6
Q
P. ovale location
A
Africa
7
Q
P. knowlesi location
A
South east asia
8
Q
fever, headache, splenomegaly
A
Non-falciparum malaria: features
9
Q
P. vivax / P. ovale features
A
Cyclical fever every 48 hours
10
Q
P. malariae features
A
Cyclical fever every 72 hours and nephrotic syndrome
11
Q
Gram-positive cocci
A
Staphylococci
Streptococci
12
Q
Gram negative cocci
A
N. meningitides
N. gonorrhoeae
Moraxella catarrhalis
13
Q
Gram positive rods
A
ABCD L Actinomyces Bacillus anthracis Clostridium Diphtheria Listeria
14
Q
Gram negative rods (6)
A
E. coli HiB Pseudomonas Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter
15
Q
Trypanosoma gambiense: location
A
West Africa
16
Q
Trypanosoma rhodesiense: location
A
East Africa
17
Q
Trypansoma chancre
Intermittent fever
Enlargement posterior cervical LN
CNS involvement
A
Sleeping sickness/African trypanosomiasis: features
18
Q
Trypansoma chancre: what?
A
painless SC nodule at site of infection
19
Q
Sleeping sickness/African trypanosomiasis: management
A
IV pentamidine
20
Q
Trypanosoma cruzi: location
A
America
21
Q
American trypanosomiasis / Chagas: early features
A
Chagoma
Periorbital oedema
22
Q
American trypanosomiasis / Chagas: late features
A
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmias
Megaoesophagus / megacolon
23
Q
American trypanosomiasis / Chagas: Mx
A
Benznidazole
24
Q
Chikungunya: what?
A
Alphavirus disease caused by mosquitoes
25
Chikungunya: where?
Africa, Asia and Indian subcontinent
26
Chikungunya: features
Severe joint pain
High fever
Flu like illness
27
Chlamydia: features
cervicitis, dysuria
| urethral discharge
28
Chlamydia: complications
```
Epididymitis
PID
Endometritis
Infertility
Reactive arthritis
Perihepatitis
```
29
Chlamydia: Ix
Nuclear acid amplification test
30
Chlamydia: Mx
Doxycycline
31
Gonorrhoea: features
Urethral discharge, dysuria
Cervicitis
Rectal and pharyngeal infection
32
Gonorrhoea: Mx
IM ceftriaxone 1g
33
Features of disseminated gonococcal infection
Tenosynovitis
Migratory polyarthritis
Dermatitis
34
Diphtheria: where?
Eastern Europe / Russia / Asia
35
Diphtheria: features
Sore throat with grey covering
Cervical LN
Neuritis
Heart block
36
Diphtheria: Mx
IM penicillin
| Diphtheria antitoxin
37
Tellurite agar or Loefflers media
Diphtheria medium
38
Prolonged dysentry
Amoebiasis
39
Entamoeba histolytica causes..
Amoebiasis
40
Amoebiasis: microscopy
Trophozoites if examinated within 15 minutes
41
Amoebiasis: Mx
Metronidazole
| Luminal amoebicide
42
Cryptosporidiosis: features
Watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever, immunocompromise
43
Cryptosporidiosis: Ix
modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain
| Red cysts
44
Cryptosporidiosis: Mx
Supportive
45
PCP: features
Dyspnoea, dry cough, fever
46
PCP; stain
silver stain
47
PCP; Mx
Co-trimoxazole
| IV pentamidine in severe
48
Most common cause traveller's diarrhoea
E coli
49
E coli diarrhoea
Travellers
Watery stool
Abdo cramps and nausea
50
Giardiasis
Prolonged non-bloody diarrhoea
51
Cholera
Profuse watery diarrhoea
| Severe dehydrations
52
Shigella
Bloody diarrhoea
| Vomiting and abdo pain
53
Staph aureus
Severe vomiting
54
Campylobacter
Flu like prodrome
Crampy abdo pain, fever and diarrhoea
Complications inclide GBS
55
Bacillus cerus
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Related to rice
56
Borrelia burgdorferi causes
Lyme disease
57
Lyme disease; early features
Erythema migrans
| Generally unwell
58
Lyme disease; later features
Heart block, myocarditis
| Neurological signs
59
Lyme disease: Ix
ELISA antibodies
| Immunoblot
60
Lyme disease: Mx
Doxycyline or amoxicillin
| Ceftriazone in disemminated disease
61
Rickettsia ricketsii
Rocky mountain spotted fever
62
Rocky mountain spotted fever: features
Headache and fever
Peripheral rash
Maculopapular - vasculitic
63
Coxiella burnetti
Q fever
64
Q fever
Pneumonia
65
Rickettsia tyhpi
endemic typhus
66
Endemic typhus
Central rash spreading peripherally
67
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus
68
Rickettsiae: gram stain
gram negative parasites
69
Leishmania tropica
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
70
Leishmania mexicana
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
71
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Crusted lesion
72
Leishmania braziliensis
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
73
Leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis
74
Visceral leishmaniasis: where
Mediterranean, Asia, S America, Africa
75
Visceral leishmaniasis: features
Fevers, sweats, rigors,
HSM
Poor appetite
Gray skin
76
Syphilis: VDRL
Negative after treatment
77
Syphilis: TPHA
Positive following treatment
78
Strep pyogenes
Erysipelas
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Necrotising facsciitis
79
Chlaymydia trachomatis causes...
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
80
LGV: RF
Men who have sex with men
| HIV
81
LGV: features
Painless ulcer
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Proctocolitis
82
LGV: Mx
Doxycyline
83
Listeria: spread
```
Contaminated food (dairy products)
Low temperatures
```
84
Listeria: features
Diarrhoea, flu like illness
Pneumonia
Ataxia
Seizures
85
Listeria: BC
'tumbling motility'
86
Listeria: Mx
Amoxicillin / ampicillin
87
Listeria: pregnancy
miscarriage, premature labour, still birth, chorioamnionitis
88
Brucellosis: where?
Middle East
89
Brucellosis: who?
Farmers, vets and abattoir workers
90
Brucellosis: features
Fever, malaise
HSM
Sacroiliitis
91
Rose Bengal plate
brucellosis
92
Brucellosis: Mx
Doxycycline and streptomycin
93
Measles: prodrome
Irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
94
What are koplick spots?
White spots on buccal mucosa
| Sign of measles
95
Measles: rash
Behind ears then to whole body
| Maculopapular rash becoming blotchy and confluent
96
Measles: complications
Otitis media
Pnuemonia
Encephalitis
Sclerosing panecephailitis
97
Malaria prophylaxis: what is in malarone
Atovaquone and proguanil
98
Atovaquone and proguanil: SE
GI upset
99
Atovaquone and proguanil: Time before and after travel
1-2 days before
| 7 days after
100
Chloroquine: SE and CI
Headaches
| CI in epilepsy
101
Chloroquine: administration
taken weekly
102
Chloroquine: time before and after travel
1 week before
| 4 weeks after
103
Doxycyline: SE
photosensitivity
| oesophagitis
104
Doxycycline: time before and after travel
1-2 days before
| 4 weeks after
105
What is is lariam?
Mefloquine
106
Mefloquine: SE
Dizziness
| Neuropsychiatric
107
Mefloquine: administration
taken weekly
108
Mefloquine: time before and after
2-3 weeks before
| 4 weeks after
109
HSV: ulcer
Fever
| Multiple painful ulcers
110
Syphilis: ulcer
painless ulcer
111
Chancroid: ulcer
painful ulcer with painful inguinal LN
112
HIV: ring enhancing lesions on CT
Toxoplasmosis
113
Cerebral toxoplasmosis: Mx
Sulfadiazine
| Pyrimethamine
114
HIV: single brain lesions with homogenous enhancement
CNS lymphoma
115
False positive cardiolipin test (6)
```
Pregnancy
SLE, anti-phospholipid syndrome
TB
Leprosy
Malaria
HIV
```
116
What is Lemierre's Sx?
Infectious thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein
117
Edes aegypti causes...
Dengue fever
118
Dengue fever: features
```
Retro-orbital headache
Fever
Myalgia
Pleuritic pain
Facial flushing
Maculopapular rash
```
119
Schistosomiasis: acute features
```
Swimmer's itch
Fever
Urticaria
Arthralgia
Cough
Diarrhoea
Eosinophilia
```
120
Schistosomiasis: chronic infection
RF for SCC
| Bladder calcification
121
Praziquantel treats..
chronic schistomiasis
122
Pasteruella multocida
animal bites organism
123
Animal bites: Rx
co-amoxiclav
124
Bacteriostatic antibiotics (5)
Chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, trimethoprim
125
Gardenerella vaginalis
BV
126
BV: Rx
Metronidazole 5-7 days
127
C. botulinum
Botulism
128
Botulism: Rx
Botulism antitoxin and supportive care
129
VZV in at risk groups
Check antibodies
| Give VZIG
130
Enteric fever: features
```
Systemic upset
Bradycardia
Abdo pain, distension
Constipation
Rose spots
```
131
Multiple keratinised genital warts
Topical podophyllum
132
Single keratinised genital warts
Cryotherapy
133
Leprosy Rx
Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine
134
Melioidosis
South East Asia
| DM
135
Pubic lice: Mx
Topical treatment to entire body with reapplication 1/52 after
136
Active TB: Rx
RIPE for 2/12
| RI for 4/12
137
Latent RB: Rx
RI for 3/12 OR
| Isoniazid 6/12
138
Lassa fever: source
Rats
139
Anthrax: features
Painless black eschar
Oedema
GI bleeding
140
Anthrax: Mx
Ciprofloxacin
141
Aciclovir: MoA
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
142
Ganciclovir: MoA
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
143
Ribavirin: MoA
Interferes with the capping of viral mRNA
144
Amantadine: MoA
Inhibits uncoating of virus in cell
| Release dopamine from nerve endings
145
Oseltamivir: MoA
Inhibits neuraminidase
146
HIV: Seroconversion Features
```
Sore throat
LN
Malasiase, arthraligia, myalgia
Diarrhoea
Maculopapular rash
Mouth ulcer
```
147
HIV seroconversion: Diagnosis
HIV PCR and p24 antigen tests
148
HIV: PEP
Oral antiretrovirals for 4/52
149
Acute schistosmoiasis: features
```
Fever
Urticaria
Arthralgia
Cough
Diarrhoea
Eosinophilia
```
150
Chancroid: features
Painful genital ulcers
| Unilateral, painful inguinal LN
151
Live vaccinations (7)
```
BCG
MMR
Influenza
Rotavirus
Polio
Yellow fever
Typhoid
```
152
Yellow fever: progression
Flu --> remission --> jaundice and GI bleed
