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MRCP 1 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pomphoylx?

A

Type of eczema affecting hands and feet

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2
Q

What exacerbates pomphoylx?

A

Humidity and high temperatures

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3
Q

Features of pompholyx

A

Small blisters on palms and soles

Pruritic

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4
Q

Management of pompholyx

A

Cool compress, emollients, topical steroids

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5
Q

What exacerbates psoriasis (4)?

A

Trauma,
Alcohol,
Drugs (beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials, NSAIDs and ACEi)
Withdrawal of systemic steroids

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6
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Chronic dermatitis caused by a fungal infection

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7
Q

Features of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Eczematous lesions on sebum rich areas

Otitis externa and blepharitis

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8
Q

Associations of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

HIV

Parkinson’s

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9
Q

Management of seborrhoeic dermatitis (scalp)

A

OTC zinc pyrithione
Ketoconazole
Topical steroids

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10
Q

Management of seborrhoeic dermatitis (face and body)

A

Topical antifungals

Topical steroids

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11
Q

SCC: RF (6)

A 
Excessive UV exposure
Actinic keratoses and Bowen's 
Immunosuppression
Smoking 
Chronic ulcers
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12
Q

SCC: Management (<20mm)

A

Surgical excision with 4mm margin

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13
Q

SCC: Management (>20mm)

A

Surgical excision with 6mm margin

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14
Q

SCC: management (high risk)

A

Mohs micrographic surgery

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15
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

Autoimmune condition causing sub-epidermal blistering of skin

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16
Q

Antibodies in bullous pemphigoid

A

Hemidesmosomal proteins

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17
Q

Bullous pemphogoid: features

A

Itchy tense blisters around flexures
Heal without scarring
No mucosal involvement

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18
Q

Bullous pemphogoid: biopsy

A

IgG and C3 at dermoepidermal junction

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19
Q

Bullous pemphogoid: Management

A

Oral corticosteroids

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20
Q

Defect in uroprophyyrinogen decarboxylase causes what?

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

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21
Q

Features of porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Photosensitive rash with blistering and skin fragility
Hypertrichosis
Hyperpigementation

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22
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda: investigations

A

Urine: uroporphyrinogen and pink fluorescence under Wood’s lamp

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23
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda: management

A

Chloroquine

Venesection

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24
Q

What is hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia?

A

AD condition with multiple telangiectasia over skin and mucous membranes

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25
Q

Diagnostic criteria for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

A
  1. epistaxis
  2. telangiectases
  3. visceral lesions (GI, pulmonary, hepatic, cerebral, spinal AVM)
  4. FH
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26
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum: features

A

Lower limbs
Small red papule initially
Later deep, red, necrotic ulcers with violaceous border

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27
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum: causes

A 
LIMPS
Lymphomas
Idiopathic, IBD
Myeloproliferative disorders, Monocloncal gammopathy
PBC
SLE, RA
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28
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum: management

A

PO steroids

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29
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

Tender, erythematous nodular lesions over shins

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30
Q

Causes of erythema nodosum

A 
NODOSUM
NO cause
Drugs (penicillins, sulphonamides, COCP)
OCP
UC, Crohn's Behcets
Micro (strep, TB)
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31
Q

Pretibial Myxodema

A

Symmetrical, erythematous lesions seen in Grave’s

Shiny, orange peel skin

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32
Q

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

A

Shiny painless yellow/red skin typically in diabetics

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33
Q

SCC: features

A

Pearly, flesh coloured papule with telangeictasia

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34
Q

SCC: management

A

Removal, curettage, cryotherapy, topical creams, radiotherapy

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35
Q

What is systemic mastocytosis?

A

Results from neoplastic proliferation of mast cells

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36
Q

Features of systemic mastocytosis

A

Urticaria pigementosa (wheal on rubbing)
Flushing
Abdo pain
Monocytosis

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37
Q

systemic mastocytosis diagnosis

A

raised serum tryptase levels

Urinary histamine

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38
Q

Keloid scars: RF

A
  • dark skin

- young adults

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39
Q

Keloid scars: Mx

A
  • Intra-lesional steroids

- Excision

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40
Q

Causes of hypertrichosis

A
  • Drugs (minoxidil, ciclosporin, diazoxide)
  • Congenital
  • Porphyria cutaena tarda
  • Anorexia nervosa
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41
Q

Vitiligo: associations

A

T1DM, addison’s, autoimmune thyroid, pernicious anaemia, alopecia areta

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42
Q

Keratoacanthoma: features

A

Smooth dome shaped papule

Grows to become a crater filled with keratin

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43
Q

Keratoacanthoma: management

A

Although benign should be urgent excised as hard to exclude SCC

44
Q

Lichen planus: features

A

Itchy papular rash on palms, coles, genitalia and flexor surfaces
White lace pattern on buccal mucosa

45
Q

Causes of lichenoid drug eruptions

A

gold, quinine, thiazides

46
Q

Lichen planus: management

A

Topical steroids

47
Q

Acanthosis nigricans: features

A

Symmetrical, brown velvety plaques on neck, axilla and groin

48
Q

Acanthosis nigricans: causes

A

T2DM, GI cancer, obesity, PCOS, acromegaly, Cushing’s, hypothyroid, familial, Prader-Willi, COCP, nicotinic acid

49
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: features

A

Scaled appearance
Systemic upset
Epidermis separates with lateral pressure

50
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: drugs (6)

A 
Phenytoin
Sulphonamides
Allopurinol
Penicillins
Carbabamazepine
NSAIDs
51
Q

Actinic Keratoses: features

A

Small, crusty, scaley lesions

On sun exposed areas

52
Q

Pityriasis rosea: features

A

Herald patch on trunk

Erythematous, oval scaly patches

53
Q

Rosacea: management

A
  1. topical metronidazole or topical brimonidine

2. PO antibiotics

54
Q

Pityriasis versicolor: features

A

Trunkal

Hypopigmented patches with scale and prutius

55
Q

Pityriasis versicolor: management

A

Topical antifingal

Ketoconazole shampoo

56
Q

Impetigo: MRSA

A

Topical mupirocin

57
Q

Guattae psoriasis: features

A

Strep infection

Tear drop papules on trunk and limbs

58
Q

Guttase psoriasis: Mx

A

Self resolves
Topical agents
UVB phototherapy

59
Q

Cancer associations: acanthosis nigricans

A

gastric cancer

60
Q

Cancer associations: acquired ichthyosis

A

lymphoma

61
Q

Cancer associations: acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa

A

GI and lung cancer

62
Q

Cancer associations: deramtomyositis

A

ovarian and lung cancer

63
Q

Cancer associations: erythema gyratum repens

A

lung cancer

64
Q

Cancer associations: erythroderma

A

lymphoma

65
Q

Cancer associations: migratory thrombophlebitis

A

pancreatic cancer

66
Q

Cancer associations: necrolytic migratory erythema

A

glucagonoma

67
Q

Cancer associations: pyoderma gangrenosum

A

myeloproliferative disorders

68
Q

Cancer associations: Sweet’s syndrome

A

haematological malignancies

69
Q

Cancer associations: tylosis

A

oesophageal cancer

70
Q

Most common melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

71
Q

Superficial melanoma: typically affects…

A

arms, legs, back and chest

young people

72
Q

nodular melanoma: typically affects…

A

sun exposed skin

middle aged

73
Q

nodular melanoma: appearance

A

red or black lump

bleeding or oozing

74
Q

lentigo melanoma: typically affects…

A

chronically sun exposed skin

older people

75
Q

acral lentiginous: typically affects…

A

nails, palms. soles

Dark skin

76
Q

acral lentiginous: appearance

A

subungunal pigmentation

77
Q

SJS: causes (6)

A 
Penicillin 
Sulphonamides
Lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Allopurinol
NSAIDS
COCP
78
Q

Psoriasis management

A
  1. topical corticosteroid
  2. vitamin D analogue
  3. coal tar
  4. phototherapy
79
Q

Scabies: Mx

A

Permethrin 5%

Malthion 0.5%

80
Q

How long can scabies pruritus last for

A

6 weeks

81
Q

Retinoids: SE (8)

A 
Teratogenic
Dry skin
Low mood
Raised triglycerides
Hair thinning
Nose bleeds
Intracranial HTN
Photosensitivity
82
Q

Scarring alopecia: causes (5)

A 
Trauma
Radiotherapy
Lichen planus
Discoid lupus 
Tinea capitis
83
Q

Non-scarring alopecia: causes

A 
Male pattern baldness
Drugs (cytotoxins, carbimazole, heparin, COCP, clochine)
Iron and zinc deficiency
Alopecia areta
Stress
Trichotillomania
84
Q

Koebner phenomenon is seen in…

A 
Psoriasis
Vitiligo
Warts
Lichen planus
Lichen sclerosus
Molluscum contagiosum
85
Q

Erythema ab igne increases risk of

A

SCC

86
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis: description

A

Itchy vesicular lesions on extensor surfaces

87
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis: biopsy

A

Deposition of IgA in granular pattern in upper dermis

88
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis: Mx

A

Gluten free diet

Dapsone

89
Q

Erythema multiforme: features

A

Target lesions

Upper > lower limbs

90
Q

Erythema nodosum: features

A

Tender, erythematous nodular lesions

Shins

91
Q

Diagnosis of nickel dermatitis..

A

skin patch test

92
Q

No mucosal blisters

A

Bullous pemphigoid

93
Q

Mucosal blisters

A

Pemiphigus vulgaris

94
Q

Polymoprhic eruption is blisters has…

A

no blisters

95
Q

Acne in pregnancy

A

Erythromycin is safe

96
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis: biopsy

A

IgA deposition

97
Q

Monomorphic, punched out erosins

A

Eczema herpeticum

98
Q

Pityriasis rosea: cause

A

HHV7

99
Q

Pityriasis versicolour: cause

A

Malassezia

100
Q

Pemphigus vulagaris: antibodies

A

Against demoglin 3

101
Q

Atopic eruption in pregnancy: features

A

Eczematous itchy rash

No Mx

102
Q

Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy: features

A

Pruritic condition in last trimester

103
Q

Erythasma: features

A

Asymptomatic flat scaly lesion in groin or axilla

104
Q

Granuloma annulare: features

A

Papular lesions, slightly hyperpigmented and centrally depressed
Typically on dorsum of hands and feet

105
Q

Pretibial Myxodema: features

A

Shiny orange peel skin

Seen in Grave’s

106
Q

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: features

A

Shiny, pain less areas of yellow/red skin on shin of diabetics

MRCP 1 (16 decks)

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