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MRCP 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin SE

A

GI, lactic acidosis

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2
Q

Sulfonylurea SE

A

Hypoglycaemia, increase appetite, weight gain, SIADH, cholestasis

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3
Q

Glitazones SE

A

weight gain, fluid retention, liver dysfunction, fractures

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4
Q

Tamoxifen SE

A

Menstrual disturbances, hot flushes, VTE, endometrial cancer

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5
Q

Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning: features

A

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, bradycardia, hypotension

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6
Q

Organophosphate Insecticide Poisoning: management

A

Atropine

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7
Q

Infliximab

A

Anti-TNF

Used in RA and Crohn’s

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8
Q

Rituximab

A

Anti-CD20

Used in HNL and RA

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9
Q

Cetuximab

A

Epidermal growth factor antagonist

Used n metastatic CRC and head and neck cancer

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10
Q

Trastuzumab

A

HER2 antagonist

Used in metastatic breast cancer

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11
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

Anti CD52

Used in CLL

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12
Q

Abciximab

A

Glycroprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist

Prevention of ischaemia in PCI

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13
Q

OKT3

A

Anti-CD3

Prevention of organ rejection

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14
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Phase 1

A

Oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis

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15
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Phase 2

A

Conjugation and excretion

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16
Q

Pharmacokinetics: first pass metabolism

A

Concentration of a drug is greatly reduce prior to being metabolised requiring higher doses

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17
Q

Pharmacokinetics: zero order

A

Metabolism is independent of the concentration

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18
Q

First pass metabolism eg (x9)

A

aspirin, isosorbide dinitrate, GTN, lignocaine, propanolol, verapamil, isoprenaline, testosterone, hydrocortison

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19
Q

Zero order kinetics eg (x4)

A

Phenytoin, salicylates, heparin, ethanol

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20
Q

Drugs affected by acetylator status

A

I proposed with very glossy lipstick while testing strawberries
Isosorbide, Propranolol, Verapamil, GTN, Lidocaine, Aspirin, Isoprenanline, Testosterone, Steroids

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21
Q

Enzyme Inducers

A 
Carbemazapine
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitone
Sulphonylureas
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22
Q

Enzyme Inhibitors

A 
Sodium valproate
Isoniazide
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
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23
Q

DRESS Syndrome

A

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

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24
Q

Lithium toxicity: precipitations (x6)

A

Dehydration, renal failure, diuretics, ACE, NSAIDs, metronidazole

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25
Lithium toxicity: features
Coarse tremor, hyperreflexia, acute confusion, polyuria, seizure, coma
26
Lithium toxicity: management
Fluids, dialysis, bicarbonate
27
Paracetamol OD: RF
Enzyme inducers, malnourishment
28
Alpha 1 agonists
Decongestants
29
Alpha 2 agonists
Glaucoma e.g. brionidine
30
Alpha antagonists
BPH (tamsulosin) | HTN (doxazosin)
31
Beta 1 agonists
Inotropes e.g. dobutamine
32
Beta 1 antagonists
Beta blockers
33
Beta 2 agonists
Bronchodilators e.g. salbutamol
34
Beta 2 antagonists
Non-selective beta blockers e.g. propranolol and labetalol
35
Dopamine agonists
Parkinson's | Prolactinoma
36
Dopamine antagonists
Schizophrenia | Anti-emetics
37
Histamine 1 antagonists
Antihistamines
38
Histamine 1 antagonists
Antacids
39
Muscarinic agonists
Glaucoma e.g. pilocarpine
40
Muscarinic antagonists
Atropine, ipratropium, oxybutynin
41
Nicotinic agonists
Nicotine, depolarising muscle relaxant (suxamethonium)
42
Nicotinic antagonists
Non-depolarising muscle relaxants (atracurium)
43
Serotonin agonists
Triptans
44
Serotonin antagonists
Anti-emetics (ondansetron)
45
Inhibits cell wall formation
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbopenems Vancomycin
46
Inhibits protein synthesis: 50s sub unit
``` Macrolides Chlorampehnicol Clindamycin Linezolid Stretogrammins ```
47
Inhibits protein synthesis: 30s sub unit
Amintoglycosides | Tetracyclines
48
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Quinolones
49
Damages DNA
metronidazole
50
Inhibits folic acid
Sulphonamides | Trimethoprim
51
Inhibits RNA synthesis
Rifampicin
52
Alpha-1
Vasconstriction Relaxation of smooth muscle Salivary secretion Hepatic glycogenolysis
53
Alpha-2
Presynpatic Inhibits insulin Platelet aggregation
54
Beta-1
Heart rate and force
55
Beta-2
Vasodilation Bronchodilation Relaxation of GI muscle
56
Tamoxifen
Selective oestrogen receptor modulator
57
Exemestane
Adjuvant in early stage breast cancer in post menopausal women
58
Lapatinib
Combination for HER2-postive metastatic breast cancer in post menopausal women
59
Anastrazole
ER positive breast cancer
60
Trastuzumab
HER2 receptor
61
Ig Uses (9)
Immunodeficiency, ITP, myasthenia gravis, GBS, Kawasaki, TEN, pneumonoitis, post transplant, dermatomyositis
62
Anion Gap
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
63
Cataracts
Steroids
64
Corneal Opacities
Amiodarone | Indomethacin
65
Optic Neuritis
Ethambutol, amiodarone, metronidazole
66
Retinopathy
Chloroquine, quinine
67
Ion channels eg
lidocaine (Na voltage gated channels)
68
G protein coupled receptors eg
adrenoreceptors
69
Tyrosine kinase receptors eg
insulin
70
nuclear receptors eg
levothyroxine
71
Methanol poisoning: features
drunk | visual impairment
72
Methanol poisoning: management
fomepizole or ethanol | haemodialysis
73
Ethylene glycol toxicity - what is it?
Coolant or antifreeze
74
Ethylene glycol toxicity features?
1. alcohol intoxication 2. metaboic acidosis with anion gap 3. AKI
75
Ethylene glycol toxicity - management
fomepizole | dialysis
76
Serotonin syndrome: management
Supportive | Benzo's
77
Serotonin syndrome: causes
MAOi SSRIs Ecstasy Amphetamines
78
Acute Intermittent Porphryia: precipitants
``` Baribiturates Halothane Benzo's Alcohol OCP Sulphonamides ```
79
Drugs causing photosensitivity
Thiazides, tetracyclines, ciprofloxacin, amiodarone, NSAIDs, psoralens, sulphonylureas
80
Haemodialysis in overdose
``` BLAST barbiturates lithium alcohol salicylates theophyllines ```
81
Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary Busting CAN Result in fibrosis | Pergolide, bromocriptine, carbergoline, cytotoxics, amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, anti-Rheumatics
82
Anti-arrhythmics: 1a
Block Na channels. Increases AP | Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
83
Anti-arrhythmics: 1b
Blocks Na channels. Decreases AP | Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
84
Anti-arrhythmics: 1c
Block Na channels | Felcainide, encainide,
85
Anti-arrhythmics: 2
Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists
86
Anti-arrhythmics: 3
Blocks K channels | Amiodarone, sotalol,
87
Anti-arrhythmics: 4
CCB | Verapamil, diltiazem
88
Cyanide Poisoning: Features
Brick red skin, smell of almonds, hypoxia, hypotension, headache
89
Cyanide Poisoning: Mx
IV hydroxocobalamin
90
Quinine toxicity: features
Arrhythmias, hypoglycaemia
91
Oculogyric crisis: features
restlessness, agitation | Upward deviation of eyes
92
Oculogyric crisis: causes
antipsychotics, metoclopramide, post encephalitic PD
93
Oculogyric crisis: Mx
IV antimuscarinic
94
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Type 1 - what?
Excess iodine induced thyroid hormone synthesis
95
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Type 1 - goitre?
Present
96
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Type 1 - Mx?
Carbimazole or K perchlorate
97
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Type 2 - what?
Amiodarone related destructive thyroiditis
98
Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis: Type 2 - Mx?
Steroids
99
King's College criteria for liver transplant
**pH <7.3 post 24 hours** PT >100 seconds Cr >300 Grade III or IV encephalopathy
100
TCA OD: features
Arrhythmias Seizures Metabolic acidosis Coma
101
TCA OD: ECG
Sinus tachycardia QRS widening QT prolongation
102
Therapeutic monitoring: lithium
12 hours post dose
103
Therapeutic monitoring: ciclosporin
Trough levels before dose
104
Therapeutic monitoring: digoxin
6 hours post dose
105
Octreotide: what?
Long acting analogue of somatostatin
106
Octreotide: uses (6)
``` Variceal haemorrhage Acromegaly Carcinoid Sx Post pancreatic surgery VIPomas Refractory diarrhoea ```
107
Drugs causing cataracts
Steroids
108
Drugs causing corneal opacities
amiodarone, indomethacin
109
Drugs causing optic neuritis
ethambutol, amiodarone, metronidazole
110
Drugs causing impaired glucose tolerance
``` Thiazides Steroids Tacrolimus, ciclosporin Interferon-a Nicotinic acid Antipsychotics ```
111
Phase 1 reactions
oxidation reduction hydrolysis
112
Phase 2 reactions
conjugation
113
Phase 1 enzymes
alcohol dehydrogenase | xanthine oxidase
114
Causes of increased anion gap
``` lactic acidosis DKA Renal failure Methanol Ethylene glycol Salicyclates ```
115
Antibodies in HIT
Platelet factor 4 and heparin
116
Finasteride: SE
Impotence Decreased libido Gynaecomastia Decreased PSA
117
Monitoring in LMWH
Factor Xa levels
118
Fomepizole: MoA
Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
119
Dopamine agonists are used in...
Parkinsons PRL Cyclical breast disease Acromegaly
120
Aspirin MoA
Decreases formation of thomboxane A2 | Inhibits COX 1 and 2
121
Doxasin: MoA
Alpha 1 antagonist
122
Tamsulosin MoA
Alpha 1b antagonist
123
Causes of urticaria
Aspirin Penicillin NSAIDs Opiates
124
When should ciprofloxacin not be used...
In G6PD deficiency
125
VTE prophylaxis in poor renal function
Unfractioned heparin
126
Bendroflumethathiazide causes..
Gout

MRCP 1 (16 decks)

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