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MRCP 1 > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Glaucoma : RF

A 
Genetics
Black skin 
Myopia
HTN
DM
Steroids
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2
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma: features

A

Peripherial visual loss
Decreased acuity
Optic disc cupping

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3
Q

POAG: Fundoscopy

A

Optic disc cupping
Optic disc pallor
Bayonetting of vessels

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4
Q

Latanoprost

A

Prostaglandin analogue

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5
Q

Prostaglandin analogue: MoA

A

Increases uveoscleral outflow

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6
Q

Timolol, betaxolol

A

Beta blockers

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7
Q

Beta blockers: MoA

A

reduces aqueous production

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8
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

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9
Q

Alpha 2 agonists: MoA

A

Reduce aqueous production and increases outflow

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10
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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11
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: MoA

A

reduced aqueous production

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12
Q

Policarpine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist

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13
Q

Muscarinic receptor agonist: MoA

A

Increases uveoscleral outflow

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14
Q

Causes sudden painless visual loss

A

Ischaemia / vascular
Vitreous haemorrhage
Retinal detachment
Retinal migraine

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15
Q

curtain coming down

A

Amaurosis fugax

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16
Q

Retinal haemorrhages

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

17
Q

CRVO: causes

A

glaucoma, polycythaemia, HTN

18
Q

Cherry red spot on macula

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

19
Q

Flashes of light and floaters

A

Posterior vitreous detachment

20
Q

Dense shadow progressively moving centrally

A

Retinal detachment

21
Q

Unable to visualise optic disc

A

Vitreous haemorrhage

22
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma: features

A

Severe pain, decreased acuity, red eye

23
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma: Mx

A

Eyedrops (pilocarpine, timolol, apraclonidine)

IV acetazolamide

24
Q

Horner’s syndrome; features

A

Miosis (small pupil)
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Anhidrosis

25
Q

Horner’s syndrome: anhidrosis of face, arm and trunk

A

Central lesion

Stroke, syringomyelia, MS, tumour

26
Q

Horner’s syndrome: anhidrosis of face

A 
Pre-ganglionic
Pancoast's tumour
Thyroidectomy
Trauma
Cervical rib
27
Q

Horner’s syndrome: no anhidrosis

A 
Post-ganglionic
Carotid artery dissection
Carotid aneurysm
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cluster headache
28
Q

Tunnel vision: causes

A 
Papillodema
Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa
Choroidoretinitis
Optic atrophy
Hysteria
29
Q

ARMD: Fundoscopy

A

Drusen

30
Q

ARMD: RF

A

Age
Smoking
FH

31
Q

ARMD: CF

A

Reduced visual acuity
Difficulties in dark adapation
Flickering lights

32
Q

ARMD: Mx

A

VEGF

Laser photocoagulation

33
Q

Blepharitis: causes

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Staph infection

34
Q

Holme-Adie Pupil

A

Unilateral dilated pupil
Slow accommodation
Associated with absent reflexes

35
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Infection of lacrimal sac

36
Q

Papilloedema: Causes

A 
SoL
Malignant HTN
Idiopathic intracranial HTN
Hydrocephalus 
Hypercapnia 
Hypoparathyroid
Vitamin A toxicity

MRCP 1 (16 decks)

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