Rheumatic disease Flashcards
Rheumatic disease
100 different individual diagnoses identified by the pathology of normal muscle, joint, nerve, and connective tissue mechanics
Hallmarks
Subchondral cysts
Erosions/periarticular sinuses
Rebuilding of osteophytes
Severe periarticular bone fragmentation or sinuses
Ulnar deviation of the (MCP)
Traces in cartilage-supporting bone tissues
Eburnation
Multiple joints that are bilaterally affected
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Causes the synovium to become inflamed and thickened, which results
in an accumulation of synovial fluid
Osteoarthritis-Degenerative joint disease
Inflammation of bone / joints
Primary OA: wear / tear over time
Secondary OA: injury / insult to joint
Fibromyalgia
Widespread pain / tender points
Fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues
Gout
Primary impact: 1st metatarsophalangeal joint
“Unwalkable disease”
Also impacts: elbows / interphalangeal joints of hands
Excessive uric acid in the blood of patients
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Autoimmune disease where immune system of the body mistakenly attacks healthy
tissue
Can affect skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs
Tends to impact similar joints associated with RA
Rheumatic Diseases Etiology
Genetic + eviromental factors
Formation of synovitis / tenosynovitis if left untreated
Infectious agents into synovial tissues = chronic inflammation
Formation of pannus from the synovial lining; substance that
destroys soft tissue
OA Etiology
Polygenic hereditary + environment
General aging
Chondropenia
-Loss of cartilage faster than the rate of self-repair
Degradative enzymes in synovial fluid
-Caused by acute injury, mechanical stress, and even immobilization
Fibromyalgia Etiology
Disabling pain / tenderness; muscles, joints, tendons
Unclear etiology but believed to be genetics + immunological +hormonal
Not characterized by joint inflammation and may be a result of how the brain processes pain
Gout etiology
Crystallization of uric acid in joints
Diet high in purines, rise in blood uric acid
Hyperuricemia (too much uric acid in the blood)
Systemic lupus erythematosus etiology
Unclear etiology
Autoimmune disorder
Impact on joints similar to RA
RA prevalence
Affects 1% of world pop
Prevalence increases with age
Dx between age 40 – 70
Equally affects all races, ethnic groups, gender
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis = onset < age 16
OA prevalence
10% - 15% world pop
Numbers are growing due to aging population and increase in obesity
~ 27 million in US
Knee most common site
47% women vs 40% men during lifetime
Fibromyalgia prevalence
Often accompanied with RA / OA
1% - 4.7% worldwide
More common in women
US: .5% men vs 3.4% women