Rheumatic disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Rheumatic disease

A

100 different individual diagnoses identified by the pathology of normal muscle, joint, nerve, and connective tissue mechanics

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2
Q

Hallmarks

A

 Subchondral cysts
 Erosions/periarticular sinuses
 Rebuilding of osteophytes
 Severe periarticular bone fragmentation or sinuses
 Ulnar deviation of the (MCP)
 Traces in cartilage-supporting bone tissues
 Eburnation
 Multiple joints that are bilaterally affected

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3
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Causes the synovium to become inflamed and thickened, which results
    in an accumulation of synovial fluid
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4
Q

Osteoarthritis-Degenerative joint disease

A

 Inflammation of bone / joints
 Primary OA: wear / tear over time
 Secondary OA: injury / insult to joint

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5
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

 Widespread pain / tender points
 Fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues

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6
Q

Gout

A

 Primary impact: 1st metatarsophalangeal joint
 “Unwalkable disease”
 Also impacts: elbows / interphalangeal joints of hands
 Excessive uric acid in the blood of patients

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7
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

 Autoimmune disease where immune system of the body mistakenly attacks healthy
tissue
 Can affect skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs
 Tends to impact similar joints associated with RA

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8
Q

Rheumatic Diseases Etiology

A

 Genetic + eviromental factors
 Formation of synovitis / tenosynovitis if left untreated
 Infectious agents into synovial tissues = chronic inflammation
 Formation of pannus from the synovial lining; substance that
destroys soft tissue

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9
Q

OA Etiology

A

 Polygenic hereditary + environment
 General aging
 Chondropenia
-Loss of cartilage faster than the rate of self-repair
 Degradative enzymes in synovial fluid
-Caused by acute injury, mechanical stress, and even immobilization

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10
Q

Fibromyalgia Etiology

A

 Disabling pain / tenderness; muscles, joints, tendons
 Unclear etiology but believed to be genetics + immunological +hormonal
 Not characterized by joint inflammation and may be a result of how the brain processes pain

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11
Q

Gout etiology

A

 Crystallization of uric acid in joints
 Diet high in purines, rise in blood uric acid
 Hyperuricemia (too much uric acid in the blood)

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12
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus etiology

A

 Unclear etiology
 Autoimmune disorder
 Impact on joints similar to RA

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13
Q

RA prevalence

A

 Affects 1% of world pop
 Prevalence increases with age
 Dx between age 40 – 70
 Equally affects all races, ethnic groups, gender
 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis = onset < age 16

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14
Q

OA prevalence

A

 10% - 15% world pop
 Numbers are growing due to aging population and increase in obesity
 ~ 27 million in US
 Knee most common site
 47% women vs 40% men during lifetime

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15
Q

Fibromyalgia prevalence

A

 Often accompanied with RA / OA
 1% - 4.7% worldwide
 More common in women
 US: .5% men vs 3.4% women

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16
Q

Gout

A

 Most common form of inflammatory arthritis
 1% - 4% worldwide
 8.3 million in US
 Men and African Americans mostly affected

17
Q

Systemic lupus erythematosus prevalence

A

 Frequency decrease of new cases
 Northern Ireland highest prevalence
 Caribbean descent highest incidence / prevalence
 Females 6x > males

18
Q

RA symptoms

A

 Variable in its onset and progression by individual
 Sudden or gradual, exacerbations and remissions
 Mild symptoms and Severe symptoms
 The inflammatory process is primary source of symptoms
 Fatigue
A swan-neck deformity
A boutonniere deformity
A zigzag deformity

19
Q

OA symptoms

A

 Localized pain
 Hips, knees, hands, and spines
 Edema / tenderness
 Crepitus during range of motion
 Crunching feeling or sound
 Joint stiffness
 Post-activity flare-up

20
Q

Fibromyalgia symptoms

A

 Chronic widespread pain
 Point tenderness
 Lower abdomen cramps
 Headaches, fatigue, poor sleep
 Depression
 Signs can occur unilaterally / bilaterally

21
Q

Gout symptoms

A

-more intermittent vs progressive
 Joint inflammation
 Left untreated = quite destructive
 Edema, erythema, increased localized temp
 Most often big toe affected

22
Q

Rheumatic Diseases Management

A
  • Manage Edema and Pain
  • Provide supports and treatment for depression
  • Surgery
23
Q

simple procedures

A

Synovitis issues like trigger finger and carpal tunnel surgery

24
Q

Larger procedures

A
  • Arthrodesis or joint replacement
  • Fully remove the damaged bone
  • Provide significant pain relief,
25
Q

Rheumatic Diseases Impact on Occupational Performance

A
  • Mobility
  • Gripping feeding utensils
  • Loss of leisure participation
  • Sexual activity
  • Pet care
  • Work performance