Low Vision Flashcards
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Loss of macula function
Leading cause of vision loss
2 types
- Wet AMD
Ingrowth of new blood vessels that break through the neural retina
and leak fluid
-loss of central vision
Dry AMD
- Progressive atrophy
-comes first but not always become wet
2 classifications - early and late
Genetic + environmental factors
Obesity
Smoking
UV exposure
Low vitamin intake
High red meat consumption
Long-term use of aspirin (wet AMD)
Incidence and Prevalence
- > 50 yrs old leading cause of significant vision loss
- AMD increases with age; 25% of people by age 80
- More prevalent in Caucasian and Asian
-Age 40 yrs 2% prevalence
Symptoms of AMD
-Metamorphopsia-(distortion of objects)
* Central scotomas- (dark patches)
* Glare sensitivity
* Decreased color vision
* Decreased contrast sensitivity
Glaucoma
-group of conditions with differing causes that result in damage to the optic
nerve head
-Progressive loss of the ganglion cell layer of the retina usually caused by
increased intraocular pressure
Angle closure glaucoma
Obstruction by the IRS to the outflow pathway of aqueous humor
Open angle glaucoma
No obstruction but damaged to retina
Neurovascular glaucoma
Secondary disorder from other diseases
Glaucoma etiology
Family history, environmental factors abnormal, blood pressure, diabetes hypothyroidism Myopia, and cataracts
Glucoma incidence and prevalence
Second cause of blindness
Increases past 70
More common in men
Glucoma symptoms for open angled
Slow peripheral of peripheral vision
Difficulty seeing in Dim light
Sensitive to glare
Blurred vision
Decrease depth, perception
Glue, closed angle and neurovascular
Rapid onset
Ocular pain, headache, vomiting
Loss of blurred vision
Cataracts
Broken protein, sticking together, making a sheet over the lens
Cataracts etiology
Drug use
aging
smoking
Diabetes
UV exposure
Iodine deficiency
Meat eating
Cataracts incidence and prevalence
Third cause of blindness
More common in females
17.2% > 40
