Orthopedic Flashcards
Orthopedic Description and Definitions
-Injury / disease of bones, joints, muscle, tendons, ligaments
* Osteoarthritis; wear / tear on joint
* Osteoporosis; loss of bone density
* Fracture most common condition
Fractures
Trauma / disease of bone or joint
Stress fracture; force applied to bone
Pathologic fracture
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease; non-inflammatory disease
No inflammatory white blood cells in the joint fluid
Deterioration of articular cartilage; formation of
osteophytes
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density
Menopause
10 million
Osteopenia
Reversible weakening of the bone
Diet, exercise, bone density tests
Heterotopic ossification
-abnormal bone formation in
extraskeletal soft tissues
Often associated with traumatic injuries
Incidence and Prevalence
* Fractures
Unintentional falls leading cause of injury
44% involve distal radius
Older adult women 80% of hip fractures
1.6 million older adults fall-related fracture
Osteoarthritis incidence and Prevalence
~ 27 million people age 25 and older in US
One of the leading cause of disability due to loss of ROM
Affects: knee, distal interphalangeal joints, proximal
interphalangeal joints, and the first carpal metacarpal joint
signs and Symptoms
* Fractures
Ecchymosis (a discoloration of the skin resulting from
bleeding, i.e. bruising)
Edema
Localized pain
Deformity
Signs and Symptoms
* Fractures
closed and open
Increased chance of infection
Comminuted-Fractures that have two or more fragments
Displaced-Segments that have become separated or shifted
from the bone
Greenstick-Bone breaks on one side and bends on the
other
Fracture Lines
Complete-A break in full continuity of the bone
Incomplete (hairline fracture)
Transverse (right angle)
Oblique (diagonal)
Spiral- Torsional stress applied to bone causes a twisting fracture line
Distal radial
- May cause loss of sensation, strengt
Hip fracture
Generally refers to a fracture of the proximal femur.
Intracapsular fractures involve the femoral neck such as a subcapital or transcervical fracture.
Extracapsular fractures involve the trochanters such as a subtrochanteric or
intertrochanteric fracture
Humeral Fracture
Humeral displacement / malposition of distal limb
Radial nerve injury (18%)
Supracondylar fractures (distal end of humerus)
“Elbow fracture”
Malunion-Healed in a less than optimal position
Volkmann’s deformity
Severe damage to tissues and muscles caused by increased pressure
Scaphoid fractures
Most common fractured bone in wrist
Frequent among young males, sports injury
Susceptible to avascular necrosis because of its poor
blood supply