RFT Flashcards
3 types of auto sprinklers?
Wet system
Dry system
Alternate system (wet or dry)
Factors (3) that influence the ICs decision in firefighting?
Locating the fire
Smoke travel
Weight of attack
When inside a fire compartment, how should firefighters keep check on their surroundings and fire gasses?
Branch operater looks above and in front
Other team members check above and behind, (for exit)
The TIC should be used to asses conditions as progress is made
What is a compartment?
Enclosed space within a building or structure, which is capable of allowing a fore to develop and contain the products of combustion
Where should a firefighting lift be stopped when used?
Minimum of 2 floors below fire
Two types of gas extinguishing systems?
Total flooding system
Local application system
3 water application techniques of water?
Indirect
Direct
Gas cooling
2 different techniques of pulse spraying?
Short pulse
Long pulse
Advantages of using rising mains?
Dry/wet risers
Reduces amount of hose needed
Reduced friction loss
Reduces equipment needed
Leaves staircases free of hoses
Reduces effort required by crews to supply water to jets
Buildings over 18m must have dry riser installed.
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2 things a crew member must do upon being sent to the main stop valve of a sprinkler system?
Ensure the valve is NOT CLOSED, except on orders of IC
OPEN the valve, on the orders of the IC
Indications that it may be necessary to withdraw from fore compartment? (5)
Rising temperatures (TIC)
Unable to extinguish flames in gas layer
Descending neutral plain
Increased fire development
Reduced visibility
Buildings over what height have WET risers installed?
60m
What pressure should a dry riser initially be charged to?
10 bar
How many pumping appliances are sent to an incident as standard?
At least 2
What is a fire survival guidance call? (FSG)
A call made by an occupant of a building on fire that beloved that they can not escape. They stay in the phone with control officer who gives advice
4 stages of fire progression?
Developing fire stage
Flashover stage
Fully developed stage
Decay stage
5 main types of auto fire alarm detector heads?
Ionisation
Optical
Radiation
Heat
Sampling detector
Turning over and damping down?
Ensuring a fire is completely extinguished, and all small pockets of fire have been put out
3 types of fire phenomena that pose hazard to firefighter?
Flashover
Backdraft
Fire gas ignition
Two pressure gauges fitted to sprinkler system?
Supply gauge
Installation gauge
How can firefighters identify location of a fore from outside of building?
Gather all info from witnesses
Consult auto fore alarm panel and see location of detector heads that have actuated
Look around the building for signs of fire
Feel for hot doors or walls
Smell, or odours
Listen for crackling
3 main application techniques of water?
Direct
Indirect
Gas cooling
Prior to entry into a compartment, what must crews do?
Let other crews in vicinity know
Stay low
Set branch to narrow spray
Position branch in readiness of door opening
2 types of sprinkler head?
Quartzoid bulb
Fusible link
Considerations an IC must take into account to ensure the safety of firefighters? (6)
Life risk
Access
Construction
Fixed installations
Fire growth
Contents
Two types of flames?
Diffused
Premixed
3 functions of all sprinklers?
To detect fire
At attack fire
To give audible warning
Signs that a flashover may occur?
A ventilated fire with adequate oxygen supply
Flames visible in gasses on ceiling level
Combustible materials gassing in room due to pyrolysis
High temp and increasing rate of combustion
Neutral plane moveing down
Sudden increase in fire delvelopment
Pyrolysis at floor level of room
Increased turbulance at neutral plane
Maximum pressure that fixed hose reels are?
8 bar
Actions that just be taken when arriving to an incident involving gas extinguishing fixed installations?
Doors should not be opened until IC Is satisfied fire is out
Equipment should be laid out and ready to use should fire re occur
Any rooms only enterd by crews wearing BA
Before entering, if system has not been actuated, the system should be switched to manual
What is a nominal roll board?
Carries on each appliance and identify the appliance and the riders
Two tactical modes?
Offensive. Oscar
Defensive. Delta
What is “the weight of attack”?
The number of jets, flow settings, size of hose
Forward information board? (FIB)
Carried on all pump ladders,
Records location of bridgehead, sector command point, forward command point
Ideal mixture?
Between upper and lower explosive limits.
Fuel burns most efficiently when there is an ideal mixture
4 stages of fire development?
Fire progression
Flashover stage. (Transition)
Fully developed
Decay
What is the coanda effect?
Fire traveling externally on high rise
3 basic fire fighting facilities in high rises?
Firefighting shafts
Dry or wet risers
A fire lift
Modern high rise structures firefighting features? (10)
Firefighting lobby
FF shaft
Stair pressure system
Communications systems
Floor display plan
Fire control centre
Atrium
Crossover floors
Sprinkler systems
Combined heating, ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)
Where should a bridgehead in a high rise fire be?
At least 2 floors below fire
What items should be taken to the bridge head in a high rise incident? (10)
45mm hose
2 branches
ECB
2 BA sets
IEC pack
Long line
Breaking in gear
TIC
Access keys/codes
Floor plans if available
4 sectors of a high rise incident?
Search sector - above fire sector
Fire sector - floors involved in fire
Bridgehead - 2 floors below fire
Lobby sector - between ground floor and bridgehead
Operation range of TIC?
40-1000 Celsius
Mesures heat of object not air temp
TIC battery operating time?
3.5 hours
TIC inspection frequency?
On acceptance
After use
Monthly (swap batteries)
Anually
Should also be switched on and check for use and charge,
Before use
At change of watch
Define ventilation?
The removal of heated air, smoke or other airborne contaminates from a structure, and their replacement with a supply of fresher air
3 ways a fire can be ventilated?
Self ventilation
Automatic ventilation
Tactical ventilation
Benifits of tactical ventilation? (6)
Assist escape of occupants and firefighters by restricting spread of smoke
Improve conditions
Speed up rescue and fire attack by reducing heat and smoke
Reduce fire spread and property damage
Improve visibility
3 stages of fire when tactical ventilation can be used?
After arrival of LFB but before control is achieved
After control but before extinction
After fire extinction
2 types of tactical ventilation?
Offensive
Defensive
Inlet vents should be twice the size as outlet vents when using tactical ventilation
Outlet vents should be made first
What is a special service incident?
Incident attended by LFB that does not involve a fire or suspicion of fire
4 types of special services that account for 75% of them?
Flooding
Persons locked in
Making structures safe
Efficient entry
Powers of firefighter in emergency? (5)
Enter premises without owners permission
Move vechicles without owners permission
Close highways in interest of safety following emergency
Stop and regulate traffic in emergency
Restrict persons entering premises
Special services subject to charges?
Examples
Use of authority equipment to supply or remove water
Clearing flooded premises
Making structures safe, where there is no risk to personal injury to the public
Any service classified as miscellaneous
Incident involving chemicals/ hazardous materials occurring other than in domestic locations
Four stations where large animal rescue equipment is based?
Wembley
Erith
Dagenham
Wandsworth
Where are OSUs (operational support units) based around London?
Sutton Finchley Stratford Ealing Wandsworth Lee green
ORD?
Operational risk database
MDT
Mobile data terminal
