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Fire Brigade training > IEC > Flashcards

IEC Flashcards

1
Q

Adult age

A

Puberty and beyond

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2
Q

Main check on AED defib?

A

Green tick

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3
Q

Blast dressing?

A

Massive wounds and amputations or blast injuries

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4
Q

ATMIST

Used when handing over trauma patient

A

A age

T time

M mechanism of injury

I injuries

S signs and symptoms

T treatment given.

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5
Q

2 types of traumatic brain injury.

A

Primary (direct)

Secondary (indirect)

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6
Q

Does everyone having heart attack have chest pains?

A

No

Silent MI

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7
Q

All chest injuries must be treated with high flow oxygen and early request for ambulance

A

.

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8
Q

PRF?

A

Patient record file.

Every patient must have one

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9
Q

Pulse rate infant?

A

140+ per min

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10
Q

A final respiration’s?

A

Irregular, gasping. Few and far between. Seen in dying patients.

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11
Q

Choking procedures?

A

Adult AND children:
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts

Infants. (Upto 1 year)
5 black blows
5 chest thrusts (2 fingers)

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12
Q

5 types of shock.

A

Hypovolaemic

Septic

Anaphylactic

Cardiogenic

Neurogenic

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13
Q

Heat stroke temp?

A

> 40

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14
Q

Baby or infant age?

A

Birth to 1 year

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15
Q

Normal body temperature?

A

36.8

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16
Q

Treatment for hypovoleamic shock?

A

Oxygen
Reassuring
Ambulance

Treat the bleeding also

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17
Q

Extrication or transportation of a crush patient should NOT be delayed in order to gain intravenous access or administer fluid

A

.

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18
Q

Where is body temperature regulated?

A

Hypothermalus. (Part of brain)

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19
Q

Pharynx?

A

Passageway for FOOD and AIR

Epiglottis closes airway when food enters

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20
Q

Secondary survey should take?

A

60-90 seconds

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21
Q

Most common facial fracture?

A

Broken nose

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22
Q

CPR ratios and rates for infants?

A

100-120 compression per min

15-2

4 cm

2 fingers

5 rescue breaths

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23
Q

Should smoke inhalation patients go to hospital?

A

Yes, always, even if they feel fine

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24
Q

When should assisted ventilations start?

A

At 10 or under beltways per min

Aim is 10-12

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25
Q

V vac suction age limit?

A

All ages

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26
Q

Consent must be obtained before health care is given.

A

.

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27
Q

Patient care for conscious breathing patient?

A

RITA ORA

OXYGEN

REASSURANCE

AMBULANCE

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28
Q

2 respiratory movements?

A

Inspiration. Breathe in

Expiration. Breathe out.

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29
Q

BVM?

A

Breathing valve mask

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30
Q

Hypoxia symptoms?

A

Pale, cold skin

Rapid breathing

Confused

Cyanosis

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31
Q

Treatment for chemical burns?

A

Water (20 mins)

NO CLINGFILM

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32
Q

Hypoglycaemia diabetic emergency?

A

Excess of insulin in blood and low sugar levels.

Could be caused by insulin overdose.

Sweating 
Palpated ions 
Rapid pulse 
Shaking
Hunger 
Confusion 
Drowsiness 
Odd behaviour 
Speech
Headache vomiting 
Can lead to coma
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33
Q

2 types of diabetes?

A

TYPE 1
Unable to produce insulin, usually due to autoimmune disease.

TYPE 2
Insulin resistance, cause by obesity and lifestyle

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34
Q

5 types of blood vessels?

A 
Arteries 
Veins 
Arteriolas 
Venules
Capillaries
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35
Q

What is a mi?

A

Myocardial infarction

Heart attack

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36
Q

Treatment for stroke?

A

OXYGEN

AMBULANCE

Monitor vitals

No food/drink

Recovery position if unconscious and essential airways of required

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37
Q

When would you stop CPR?

A

Medical aid takes over

Exhausted/endangered

Defibrillator

Significant signs of recovery

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38
Q

Where should IEC bag be placed?

A

Over left shoulder

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39
Q

Two types of choking?

A

Mild choke

Fully obstructive airway

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40
Q

Status epilepticus?

A

Convulsions lasting >30 mins.

Life threatening

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41
Q

Capillary refill time in adults?

A

Less than 2 seconds

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42
Q

Cool the burn not the patient.

Area of burn is more important than depth of burn.

A

.

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43
Q

3 depths of burn?

A

Superficial

Partial thickness

Full thickness

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44
Q

Levels of hypothermia?

A

Mild 35-32
Moderate 32-28
Severe <28

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45
Q

AED command when shock being delivered?

A

Stand clear oxygen away

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46
Q

First sense to leave, and return when going unconscious?

A

Hearing

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47
Q

Treatment for heat stroke?

A

ABCD

Remove from hot environment

Remove clothing

Cooling

Vitals

Ambulance

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48
Q

Only use burn gel packs if water and clingfilm is unavailable.

A

.

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49
Q

Chemical burns can cause poisoning by absorption through skin.

A

.

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50
Q

Treatment for facial injuries?

A 
DR C ABC
Oxygen 
Consider spinal injury 
Secondly survey 
PRF 
Monitor vitals
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51
Q

Where is pulse for babies felt?

A

Under armpit

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52
Q

Heat stroke?

A

> 40.6

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53
Q

Haemothorax?

A

Blood in lungs and/or space between lungs and chest.

Bright blood and throthy blood coughed up.

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54
Q

Primary survey must be made on every patient

A

.

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55
Q

Airway adjuncts?

A

OP and NP airways

Both together = essential airway

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56
Q

Information gathering on patient?

A

S signs and symptoms

A Allergies

M medication

P past medical history

L last food or drink

E events leading to incident

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57
Q

3 basic causes of shock.

A

Pump failure. (Heart)

Low fluid volume. (Blood)

Poor vessel function. (Infection, allergic reaction, drugs)

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58
Q

What may preceded a stroke?

A

TIA

Transient is ischaemic attack

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59
Q

Signs of respiratory problems in infants?

A

Recession. (Dimples in abdomen)
Accessory muscle use
flaring of nostrils
Grunting

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60
Q

What is an embolism?

A

Blood clot passing from one part of body to another

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61
Q

MVB mask provides 85% oxygen

A

High oxygen mask provides 95-98% oxygen

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62
Q

Capacity to consent?

A

Person must be assumed to have capacity unless the contary is established.

Must be given practicable help to male decision

Must not be treated as lacking capacity if they make unwise decision

If they lack capacity, treatment must be in best interest

The least restrictive treatment given.

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63
Q

Pregnant women can loose upto 35% of blood volume before showing signs of hypovolaema

A

.

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64
Q

Fontanaele?

A

Hope in skull in infants head.

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65
Q

Main arteries, pulse points?

A

Carotid (neck)

Brachial (arm)

Radial (wrist)

Femoral (groin)

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66
Q

Treatment for heart attack. (MI)

A

If conscious:

OXYGEN

Reassuring

Ambulance

Rest in semi recumbent position

Keep still

Monitor vital signs, and deliver CPR and defib if necessary

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67
Q

5 types of shock?

A

Hyperglycaemic

Sceptic

Cardiogenic

Neurologic

Anaphylactic

68
Q

Time critical features in burns?

A

Any CABCD problems

Any signs of airways burns

Hot air or gas inhalation.

Full circumference burns

Significant burns to face, hand, feet, genital, chest

Any full thickness burns

Burns to more than 25%

Mixed patterns burns

Presence of any other injuries

69
Q

Three toxic elements in smoke inhalation?

A

Carbon monoxide

Cyinide

Ammonia

70
Q

Spo2?

A

Oxygen saturation level

71
Q

Cab oxygen be administered in explosive environments?

A

NO

72
Q

Normal spo2 on pulse oximeter?

A

95%+

73
Q

Flail segment?

A

Major injury to chest wall.

74
Q

Transient loss of conciouness

A

Spontaneous loss of conciounness with complete recovery.

Usually cardiac related

75
Q

Benifits of recovery position?

A

Stable
Vomit can drain
Airway management( tongue falls forward)
Chest is off floor to aid breathing

76
Q

Thorax?

A

Bones cage in chest covering organs

77
Q

Hypoxia?

A

Lack of oxygen.

Tissue dies after 3-4 minutes

78
Q

Signs of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Cold clammy skin

Blue skin

Rapid weak pulse

Altered mental state

Rapid shallow breathing

79
Q

Two shockable rhythms of a cardiac arrest?

A

VF ventricular fibrillation

VT ventricular tachycardia

80
Q

Where should de fib be placed?

A

Right side

81
Q

Weight limit for a long board?

A

159kg

82
Q

Hypoglycaemic symptoms?

A 
Sweating 
Palpatasions 
Rapid pulse
Shaking
Hunger
Confusion
Odd behaviour
83
Q

Hypo-vol-aemic shock?

A

Low volume blood shock

Caused by bleeds
Burns 
Vomiting 
Dioerehea 
De hydration
84
Q

What is age of child and baby when using AED defib?

A

8 YEARS OLD

85
Q

3 categories in Glasgow coma scale

GCS

A

Eyes opening

Verbal response

Motor response

Recorded in observations on PRF

86
Q

Heat exhaustion temp?

A

> 37 <40

87
Q

OP airway?

A

Mouth tube

88
Q

Patient pain score scale?

A

0-10

Not 1-10

89
Q

Respiratory rate for adult?

A

12-20 per min

90
Q

Capillarity refill should be checked on a child’s forehead or sternum.

A

.

91
Q

CPR ratios and rates for children?

A

100-120 compression per min

15-2

1/3 chest (5cm)

1/2 hands

5 rescue breaths

92
Q

How to hell infection control.

For patient and rescuer.

A

Cover exposed wounds with waterproof dressings

Ensure PPE is well maintained

Be alert to hazards

Approach all patients as though they are infected

Use correct PPE

Wash off any body fluids that splash etc

93
Q

Larynx’?

A

Voice box

94
Q

Any patient in RTC should be treated for spinal injuries until cleared by ambulance service

A

.

95
Q

When not to use recovery posiation?

A

When there’s major trauma,

Spinal injuries
Pelvic or thigh fractures
Chest or head injuries

96
Q

What is the most common reason for an airway obstruction?

A

The tongue

97
Q

Age of child on AED de fib?

A

Under 8

98
Q

3 types of heat related illness?

A

Heat stress
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke

99
Q

Mechanism of injury. MOI ?

A

How the injury happened

100
Q

Reasons for IEC?

A

Preserve life

Prevent worsening

Promote recovery

101
Q

Heat exhaustion?

A

37-<40

102
Q

3 types of burn?

A

Electrical

Thermal

Chemical

103
Q

What does pulse oximeter mesure?

A

Oxygen in blood.

NOT blood or oxygen in tissues

104
Q

Pre eclampsia.

A

Can cause tonic-clinic seizure.

105
Q

Are firefighters authorised to administer oxygen?

A

Yes, but must remain present at all times

106
Q

Ischaemia?

A

Reduced blood flow to body part.

107
Q

Hyperglycaemia diabetic emergency?

A

Not enough insulin in type 1 diabetics

High sugar levels

108
Q

Pulse site used when checking for pulse in lower limb fracture or dislocation?

A

Dorsal pedis.

Foot

109
Q

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis?

A

Headache

Sensitive to bright lights

Rash

Neck stiffness

Fever

Also highly contagious.

110
Q

Meningococcal disease?

A

Inflammation or infection of meninges. (Brain covering) (meningitis)

111
Q

Oleas modular dressing?

A

Used for big bleeds and significant wounds.

Also disembowelment

112
Q

Cardiac tamponade?

A

Penetrating wound injury that effects the heart

113
Q

Open pneumothorax?

A

Sucking chest wound.

Must be treated immediately.

Dressed with 3 side dressing, oxygen, ambulance

114
Q

Types of COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Bronchitis

Emphysema

115
Q

Stroke procedure?

A

FAST

F face

A arm test

A speech test

T time it happened

116
Q

Body regions most likely to be injured in a lateral impact?

A

Chest,pelvis and spine

117
Q

Hypothermia temperature?

A

<35

118
Q

What side should pregnant women be rolled onto in recovery position?

A

The left side

119
Q

What to do with amputated limb?

A

Wrap in plastic, then in cloth, then on ice if possible.

NOT directly in water or ice

120
Q

End of life care,

Formally do not resuscitate

A

.

121
Q

Hyperglycaemic symptoms?

A

Fruity breath.

Fatigue

Vomiting and adominal pains

122
Q

Symptoms of a myocardial infarction?

A

Chest pain, crushing/squeezing.

Pain radiation to left arm, jaw, upper back

Vomiting/belching/hiccups

Sweating profusely

123
Q

Lobes in lungs?

A

Right side 3

Left side 2

124
Q

NP airway?

A

Nose tube

125
Q

Hyperglycaemia?

A

Diabetes

126
Q

Transient ischaemic attack?

A

Brief period where patient may present as fast positive, (stroke)

With complete recovery

May precede a stroke(before)

127
Q

Percentage of oxygen breathed in air, and expired when breathing out?

A

21% in

16% out

0.04% carbon dioxide breathed in, 4% breathed out

128
Q

Electrical burns have 2 wound sites.

A

.

129
Q

Strider (wheezing) can indicate?

A

Upper respiratory blockage.

Can be objects in paediatrics

130
Q

Spine sections. (Top-bottom)

A

Cervical spine (c spine)

Thoracic

Lumber

Sacrum and coccyx

131
Q

Heart is muscular pump

A

Hasown blood and electrical supply

132
Q

Artieies and veins?

A

Arteries away

Veins to

133
Q

Most complex system in body?

A

Nervous system.

134
Q

2 types of head injury?

A

Open, brains out

Closed(most common), brains in

135
Q

Action if clothing is alight?

A

Stop

Drop

Wrap

Roll

136
Q

When should cpr on baby start?

A

If pulse is under 60bpm

137
Q

Resp rate for infant?

A

30+ per min

138
Q

Respiratory arrest?

A

No breathing, but still a pulse.

Children and drownings

139
Q

DR C ABCDE

Primary survey

A

Danger

Response

Catastrophic bleed

Airways

Breathing

Circulation (if no then cpr)

Disability

Expose

140
Q

A V P U

A

Alert

Voice

Pain

Unresponsive

141
Q

Signs of shock?

A

Rapid weak pulse

Hypotension, high blood pressure

Altered mental state

Cyanosis

Cool clammy skin

Increased breathing rate

142
Q

Blood makes up 7% of body weight

55% plasma 45% cells

Four main elements?

A

Plasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets(clotting)

143
Q

CPR rates and ratios for adults?

A

100-120 compressions per min

30-2

5-6 cm

2 hands

0 rescue breathes

144
Q

CLINGFILM should not be wrapped around a burn as it may become constructive.

Use layers instead

A

.

145
Q

Pulse rate child?

A

100-140 per min

146
Q

Tension pneumothorax?

A

Time critical.

Causes deviation of trachea.

Pushes internals over to non effected side

147
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

Blood clot blocking arteries in LUNG

148
Q

Exchange of gasses.

External respiration takes place IN the lungs

Internal desperation takes place IN THE TISSUES

A

.

149
Q

Child age?

A

1 year to puberty

150
Q

Treatment for thermal burns?

A

Water (10 mins)

Cling film

Jewellery off

OXYGEN

Burnshield

Shock treatment

Hospital

151
Q

Age limit for OP airways?

A

Any age, under 8s no twist

152
Q

How often should check pulse and breathing when with patient?

A

Every minute

Every 3 minutes when have to leave patient

153
Q

Should helmets be removed in patient care?

A

Only if airways cannot be maintained

Or

They need resuscitation

154
Q

Age limit for pulse oximetry?

A

Not for under 12s

155
Q

All respiratory problems should be treated as life threatening.

A

.

156
Q

Coronary artery disease?

A

Narrowing of arteries

157
Q

Target organ when doing cpr?

A

Brain.

158
Q

Pneumothorax?

A

Air between the lungs and chest wall.

Oxygen
Reassure
Ambulance

159
Q

Pulse rate adult?

A

60-80 per min

160
Q

Adults and children have cartridge rings in neck to prevent hypertension.

A

Babies do not, so care should be take. When establishing airways.

161
Q

Oxygen administration rate?

A

15 litres per min only

162
Q

Afonso breathing is a sign of what?

A

Cardiac arrest

163
Q

Reasons pulse oximeter may not work?

A

Cold hands

Shivers

Bright sunlight

Nail varnish

Carbon monoxide poisoning

164
Q

Three levels of hypothermia?

A

Mild 35-33

Moderate 32-28

Severe <28

165
Q

Resp rate for child?

A

20-30 per min

166
Q

What effects the density of bone?

A

Age
Nutrition
Disiese

167
Q

When does the auto fill valve begin to automatically close?

A

When tank is at least 3/4 full.

3 flashing lights

Fire Brigade training (13 decks)

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