IEC Flashcards
Adult age
Puberty and beyond
Main check on AED defib?
Green tick
Blast dressing?
Massive wounds and amputations or blast injuries
ATMIST
Used when handing over trauma patient
A age
T time
M mechanism of injury
I injuries
S signs and symptoms
T treatment given.
2 types of traumatic brain injury.
Primary (direct)
Secondary (indirect)
Does everyone having heart attack have chest pains?
No
Silent MI
All chest injuries must be treated with high flow oxygen and early request for ambulance
.
PRF?
Patient record file.
Every patient must have one
Pulse rate infant?
140+ per min
A final respiration’s?
Irregular, gasping. Few and far between. Seen in dying patients.
Choking procedures?
Adult AND children:
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts
Infants. (Upto 1 year)
5 black blows
5 chest thrusts (2 fingers)
5 types of shock.
Hypovolaemic
Septic
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Heat stroke temp?
> 40
Baby or infant age?
Birth to 1 year
Normal body temperature?
36.8
Treatment for hypovoleamic shock?
Oxygen
Reassuring
Ambulance
Treat the bleeding also
Extrication or transportation of a crush patient should NOT be delayed in order to gain intravenous access or administer fluid
.
Where is body temperature regulated?
Hypothermalus. (Part of brain)
Pharynx?
Passageway for FOOD and AIR
Epiglottis closes airway when food enters
Secondary survey should take?
60-90 seconds
Most common facial fracture?
Broken nose
CPR ratios and rates for infants?
100-120 compression per min
15-2
4 cm
2 fingers
5 rescue breaths
Should smoke inhalation patients go to hospital?
Yes, always, even if they feel fine
When should assisted ventilations start?
At 10 or under beltways per min
Aim is 10-12
V vac suction age limit?
All ages
Consent must be obtained before health care is given.
.
Patient care for conscious breathing patient?
RITA ORA
OXYGEN
REASSURANCE
AMBULANCE
2 respiratory movements?
Inspiration. Breathe in
Expiration. Breathe out.
BVM?
Breathing valve mask
Hypoxia symptoms?
Pale, cold skin
Rapid breathing
Confused
Cyanosis
Treatment for chemical burns?
Water (20 mins)
NO CLINGFILM
Hypoglycaemia diabetic emergency?
Excess of insulin in blood and low sugar levels.
Could be caused by insulin overdose.
Sweating Palpated ions Rapid pulse Shaking Hunger Confusion Drowsiness Odd behaviour Speech Headache vomiting Can lead to coma
2 types of diabetes?
TYPE 1
Unable to produce insulin, usually due to autoimmune disease.
TYPE 2
Insulin resistance, cause by obesity and lifestyle
5 types of blood vessels?
Arteries Veins Arteriolas Venules Capillaries
What is a mi?
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
Treatment for stroke?
OXYGEN
AMBULANCE
Monitor vitals
No food/drink
Recovery position if unconscious and essential airways of required
When would you stop CPR?
Medical aid takes over
Exhausted/endangered
Defibrillator
Significant signs of recovery
Where should IEC bag be placed?
Over left shoulder
Two types of choking?
Mild choke
Fully obstructive airway
Status epilepticus?
Convulsions lasting >30 mins.
Life threatening
Capillary refill time in adults?
Less than 2 seconds
Cool the burn not the patient.
Area of burn is more important than depth of burn.
.
3 depths of burn?
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
Levels of hypothermia?
Mild 35-32
Moderate 32-28
Severe <28
AED command when shock being delivered?
Stand clear oxygen away
First sense to leave, and return when going unconscious?
Hearing
Treatment for heat stroke?
ABCD
Remove from hot environment
Remove clothing
Cooling
Vitals
Ambulance
Only use burn gel packs if water and clingfilm is unavailable.
.
Chemical burns can cause poisoning by absorption through skin.
.
Treatment for facial injuries?
DR C ABC Oxygen Consider spinal injury Secondly survey PRF Monitor vitals
Where is pulse for babies felt?
Under armpit
Heat stroke?
> 40.6
Haemothorax?
Blood in lungs and/or space between lungs and chest.
Bright blood and throthy blood coughed up.
Primary survey must be made on every patient
.
Airway adjuncts?
OP and NP airways
Both together = essential airway
Information gathering on patient?
S signs and symptoms
A Allergies
M medication
P past medical history
L last food or drink
E events leading to incident
3 basic causes of shock.
Pump failure. (Heart)
Low fluid volume. (Blood)
Poor vessel function. (Infection, allergic reaction, drugs)
What may preceded a stroke?
TIA
Transient is ischaemic attack
Signs of respiratory problems in infants?
Recession. (Dimples in abdomen)
Accessory muscle use
flaring of nostrils
Grunting
What is an embolism?
Blood clot passing from one part of body to another
MVB mask provides 85% oxygen
High oxygen mask provides 95-98% oxygen
Capacity to consent?
Person must be assumed to have capacity unless the contary is established.
Must be given practicable help to male decision
Must not be treated as lacking capacity if they make unwise decision
If they lack capacity, treatment must be in best interest
The least restrictive treatment given.
Pregnant women can loose upto 35% of blood volume before showing signs of hypovolaema
.
Fontanaele?
Hope in skull in infants head.
Main arteries, pulse points?
Carotid (neck)
Brachial (arm)
Radial (wrist)
Femoral (groin)
Treatment for heart attack. (MI)
If conscious:
OXYGEN
Reassuring
Ambulance
Rest in semi recumbent position
Keep still
Monitor vital signs, and deliver CPR and defib if necessary
5 types of shock?
Hyperglycaemic
Sceptic
Cardiogenic
Neurologic
Anaphylactic
Time critical features in burns?
Any CABCD problems
Any signs of airways burns
Hot air or gas inhalation.
Full circumference burns
Significant burns to face, hand, feet, genital, chest
Any full thickness burns
Burns to more than 25%
Mixed patterns burns
Presence of any other injuries
Three toxic elements in smoke inhalation?
Carbon monoxide
Cyinide
Ammonia
Spo2?
Oxygen saturation level
Cab oxygen be administered in explosive environments?
NO
Normal spo2 on pulse oximeter?
95%+
Flail segment?
Major injury to chest wall.
Transient loss of conciouness
Spontaneous loss of conciounness with complete recovery.
Usually cardiac related
Benifits of recovery position?
Stable
Vomit can drain
Airway management( tongue falls forward)
Chest is off floor to aid breathing
Thorax?
Bones cage in chest covering organs
Hypoxia?
Lack of oxygen.
Tissue dies after 3-4 minutes
Signs of hypovolaemic shock?
Cold clammy skin
Blue skin
Rapid weak pulse
Altered mental state
Rapid shallow breathing
Two shockable rhythms of a cardiac arrest?
VF ventricular fibrillation
VT ventricular tachycardia
Where should de fib be placed?
Right side
Weight limit for a long board?
159kg
Hypoglycaemic symptoms?
Sweating Palpatasions Rapid pulse Shaking Hunger Confusion Odd behaviour
Hypo-vol-aemic shock?
Low volume blood shock
Caused by bleeds Burns Vomiting Dioerehea De hydration
What is age of child and baby when using AED defib?
8 YEARS OLD
3 categories in Glasgow coma scale
GCS
Eyes opening
Verbal response
Motor response
Recorded in observations on PRF
Heat exhaustion temp?
> 37 <40
OP airway?
Mouth tube
Patient pain score scale?
0-10
Not 1-10
Respiratory rate for adult?
12-20 per min
Capillarity refill should be checked on a child’s forehead or sternum.
.
CPR ratios and rates for children?
100-120 compression per min
15-2
1/3 chest (5cm)
1/2 hands
5 rescue breaths
How to hell infection control.
For patient and rescuer.
Cover exposed wounds with waterproof dressings
Ensure PPE is well maintained
Be alert to hazards
Approach all patients as though they are infected
Use correct PPE
Wash off any body fluids that splash etc
Larynx’?
Voice box
Any patient in RTC should be treated for spinal injuries until cleared by ambulance service
.
When not to use recovery posiation?
When there’s major trauma,
Spinal injuries
Pelvic or thigh fractures
Chest or head injuries
What is the most common reason for an airway obstruction?
The tongue
Age of child on AED de fib?
Under 8
3 types of heat related illness?
Heat stress
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Mechanism of injury. MOI ?
How the injury happened
Reasons for IEC?
Preserve life
Prevent worsening
Promote recovery
Heat exhaustion?
37-<40
3 types of burn?
Electrical
Thermal
Chemical
What does pulse oximeter mesure?
Oxygen in blood.
NOT blood or oxygen in tissues
Pre eclampsia.
Can cause tonic-clinic seizure.
Are firefighters authorised to administer oxygen?
Yes, but must remain present at all times
Ischaemia?
Reduced blood flow to body part.
Hyperglycaemia diabetic emergency?
Not enough insulin in type 1 diabetics
High sugar levels
Pulse site used when checking for pulse in lower limb fracture or dislocation?
Dorsal pedis.
Foot
Symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
Headache
Sensitive to bright lights
Rash
Neck stiffness
Fever
Also highly contagious.
Meningococcal disease?
Inflammation or infection of meninges. (Brain covering) (meningitis)
Oleas modular dressing?
Used for big bleeds and significant wounds.
Also disembowelment
Cardiac tamponade?
Penetrating wound injury that effects the heart
Open pneumothorax?
Sucking chest wound.
Must be treated immediately.
Dressed with 3 side dressing, oxygen, ambulance
Types of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Stroke procedure?
FAST
F face
A arm test
A speech test
T time it happened
Body regions most likely to be injured in a lateral impact?
Chest,pelvis and spine
Hypothermia temperature?
<35
What side should pregnant women be rolled onto in recovery position?
The left side
What to do with amputated limb?
Wrap in plastic, then in cloth, then on ice if possible.
NOT directly in water or ice
End of life care,
Formally do not resuscitate
.
Hyperglycaemic symptoms?
Fruity breath.
Fatigue
Vomiting and adominal pains
Symptoms of a myocardial infarction?
Chest pain, crushing/squeezing.
Pain radiation to left arm, jaw, upper back
Vomiting/belching/hiccups
Sweating profusely
Lobes in lungs?
Right side 3
Left side 2
NP airway?
Nose tube
Hyperglycaemia?
Diabetes
Transient ischaemic attack?
Brief period where patient may present as fast positive, (stroke)
With complete recovery
May precede a stroke(before)
Percentage of oxygen breathed in air, and expired when breathing out?
21% in
16% out
0.04% carbon dioxide breathed in, 4% breathed out
Electrical burns have 2 wound sites.
.
Strider (wheezing) can indicate?
Upper respiratory blockage.
Can be objects in paediatrics
Spine sections. (Top-bottom)
Cervical spine (c spine)
Thoracic
Lumber
Sacrum and coccyx
Heart is muscular pump
Hasown blood and electrical supply
Artieies and veins?
Arteries away
Veins to
Most complex system in body?
Nervous system.
2 types of head injury?
Open, brains out
Closed(most common), brains in
Action if clothing is alight?
Stop
Drop
Wrap
Roll
When should cpr on baby start?
If pulse is under 60bpm
Resp rate for infant?
30+ per min
Respiratory arrest?
No breathing, but still a pulse.
Children and drownings
DR C ABCDE
Primary survey
Danger
Response
Catastrophic bleed
Airways
Breathing
Circulation (if no then cpr)
Disability
Expose
A V P U
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
Signs of shock?
Rapid weak pulse
Hypotension, high blood pressure
Altered mental state
Cyanosis
Cool clammy skin
Increased breathing rate
Blood makes up 7% of body weight
55% plasma 45% cells
Four main elements?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets(clotting)
CPR rates and ratios for adults?
100-120 compressions per min
30-2
5-6 cm
2 hands
0 rescue breathes
CLINGFILM should not be wrapped around a burn as it may become constructive.
Use layers instead
.
Pulse rate child?
100-140 per min
Tension pneumothorax?
Time critical.
Causes deviation of trachea.
Pushes internals over to non effected side
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot blocking arteries in LUNG
Exchange of gasses.
External respiration takes place IN the lungs
Internal desperation takes place IN THE TISSUES
.
Child age?
1 year to puberty
Treatment for thermal burns?
Water (10 mins)
Cling film
Jewellery off
OXYGEN
Burnshield
Shock treatment
Hospital
Age limit for OP airways?
Any age, under 8s no twist
How often should check pulse and breathing when with patient?
Every minute
Every 3 minutes when have to leave patient
Should helmets be removed in patient care?
Only if airways cannot be maintained
Or
They need resuscitation
Age limit for pulse oximetry?
Not for under 12s
All respiratory problems should be treated as life threatening.
.
Coronary artery disease?
Narrowing of arteries
Target organ when doing cpr?
Brain.
Pneumothorax?
Air between the lungs and chest wall.
Oxygen
Reassure
Ambulance
Pulse rate adult?
60-80 per min
Adults and children have cartridge rings in neck to prevent hypertension.
Babies do not, so care should be take. When establishing airways.
Oxygen administration rate?
15 litres per min only
Afonso breathing is a sign of what?
Cardiac arrest
Reasons pulse oximeter may not work?
Cold hands
Shivers
Bright sunlight
Nail varnish
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Three levels of hypothermia?
Mild 35-33
Moderate 32-28
Severe <28
Resp rate for child?
20-30 per min
What effects the density of bone?
Age
Nutrition
Disiese
When does the auto fill valve begin to automatically close?
When tank is at least 3/4 full.
3 flashing lights
