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FFT > RFT 001/002/003 (Real Fire) > Flashcards

RFT 001/002/003 (Real Fire) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an irreversible chemical reaction producing heat and light?

A

Combustion

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2
Q

What are the three components of the fire triangle?

A

• Heat
• Fuel
• Oxygen

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3
Q

What is heat measured in?

A

Joules per kilogram

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4
Q

What factor is present in any combustion process and takes no part in the chemical reaction of combustion?

A

Passive agent (e.g. brick)

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5
Q

What does the following describe? The substances making up the surface of the solid reacts with oxygen. The heat will be felt and seen as a glowing of the surface.

A

Surface oxidisation

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6
Q

Define pyrolysis

A

The decomposition of a substance by heat

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7
Q

Flash points are the lowest temperature at which…

A

…sufficient vapours are produced.

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8
Q

A momentary flash occurs when…

A

…an ignition source is introduced.

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9
Q

The burning of vapours (re flash points) does not continue once…

A

…the ignition source is removed.

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10
Q

What is the lowest temperature at which a fuel will ignite and continue to burn without the need for an ignition source to be introduced?

A

Auto-ignition temperature (AIT)

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11
Q

What is the meaning of SIT?

A

Spontaneous Ignition Temperature

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12
Q

What are the three ways fires can spread?

A

• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation

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13
Q

In which three ways does water reduce the amount of fuel available to a fire?

A

• The rapid expansion of water to steam dilutes the flammable gases
• Reduces further production of flammable gases by the pyrolysis because of the reduction of heat
• The expansion of water to steam drives out some of the existing fire gases

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14
Q

By starving a fire, which component of the triangle of fire will you be removing?

A

Fuel

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15
Q

By smothering a fire, which component of the triangle will you be removing?

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

What class of fire is carbonaceous solids?

A

Class A

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17
Q

What is a Class C fire?

A

Gasses and liquefied gasses

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18
Q

What extinguishing medium would be used on an electrical fire?

A

C02

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19
Q

What are four passive agents?

A

• CO2
• Ceiling
• Water vapour
• Walls

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20
Q

Convection is the mass movement of a hotter, less dense gas through…

A

…its cooler, denser surroundings.

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21
Q

Conduction is the passage of heat through…

A

…a material.

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22
Q

Radiation is the transfer of heat energy as…

A

…electromagnetic waves.

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23
Q

The 3 correct descriptions of a flash point:

A

• the lowest temperature at which sufficient vapours are being produced
• a momentary flash to occur when an ignition source is introduced
• the burning of the vapours does not continue once the ignition source is removed

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24
Q

Diffused Flame

A

• gases are not mixed before ignition
• unclean burn
• burn cooler
• flame colour orange/red
• less noisy
• lower velocity of the deflagration
• defined outline of the lower flame
• less efficient burning

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25
Q

Premixed Flame

A

• gases are mixed before ignition
• burn cleaner
• burn hotter
• flame colour blue
• more noisy
• higher velocity of the deflagration
• more stable flame but harder to discern edges due to blurred flame
• more efficient burning

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26
Q

Flashover Rule of Thumb

A

4-2-1
Corner 4 mins (x1)
On wall 8 mins (x2)
Centre of compartment 16 mins (x4)

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27
Q

Signs of Backdraught

A

• fire with limited or no ventilation
• fire has been burning for some time
• fire gases being pushed out under pressure from gaps
• windows blackened with no visible sign of flame
• fire gases pulsing out from gaps

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28
Q

Signs of Flashover

A

• a ventilated fire with an adequate oxygen supply
• flames visible in the fire gasses at ceiling level
• combustible material gassing-off due to pyrolysis
• high temperatures and an increasing rate of combustion
• neutral plane moving down
• a sudden increase in fire development
• pyrolysis at floor level in the compartment

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29
Q

Specific heat capacity of water

A

4.18 kilo joules per kilogram

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30
Q

How many kilojoules does it take to turn 1 kilogram of water into steam?

A

2260kj

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31
Q

The 3 water application techniques:

A

• indirect
• direct
• gas cooling

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32
Q

Any occurrence dealt with by the brigade which does not involve fire or the suspicion of fire is described as what?

A

Special service

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33
Q

What are the 3 functions of AFA?

A

• detect the fire
• give an alarm to a remote centre
• give an alarm and indicate the whereabouts of a fire

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34
Q

At a fire, you are sent to the sprinkler main stop valve. At the main valve which two things should be done?

A

Open the valve on orders of IC if closed

Insure that the valve is not closed on orders of the IC

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35
Q

What are the 3 signs of building collapse?

A

Collapse of arches above openings

Spalling of concrete

Collums or beams bending or failing

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36
Q

What are the affects of the direct extinguisher method?

A

• Possible water damage

• Entrained air into the
compartment intensifying the fire if used properly

• Extinguishes the fire

• Worsen conditions for
firefighters/casualties

37
Q

How is the initial command pump identified at an incident and what item should appliance commander hand in
@ ICP?

A

• Nominal roll board
• Blue flashing lights left on

38
Q

All new buildings over ? meters high must have a wet riser as of 2006?

A

50

39
Q

List four actions that should
be considered when firefighting in a sprinklered building?

A

• Always check the area sprinkler had actuated to insure fire is out

• One crew member should be sent to the stop valve

• If extra water is needed it should not be taken from same main

• A pump should be set into the inlet if available

40
Q

If possible what should you get below before applying any water when entering a basement?

A

The heat barrier

41
Q

In what 3 ways does the tactical mode procedure support and enhance lC risk
management?

A

• Sharing the outcome of the IC ORA (operational risk assessment)
• Insuring that the fire service operations are being carried out by crew
• Recording the outcome of the ORA

42
Q

What are the four effects of the indirect fire extinguishing method?

A

• Large quantities of steam
produced to smother the fire
• Cools and dilutes the fire gases
• Cools the structure of the compartment
• Lowers the neutral plane

43
Q

Choose what word best describes ventilation and heat barrier difficulties?

A

Hazards

44
Q

When would an incident be declared tactical mode delta?

A

When the operation is being tackled from outside the perceived hazard area

45
Q

Why does the effect of the fire on floors cause the building to collapse?

A

High walls unsupported

46
Q

At a high rise incident what should firefighters do to mitigate the hazard of falling objects?

A

• Staff and appliances should be kept at safe distances
• Full PPE
• Cordons should be placed around the building

47
Q

Basements can be fitted with openings to provide access for goods or ventilation. Choose 5 more examples?

A

• smoke extracts
• cellar flaps/doors
• chutes
• stall board lights
• pavement lights

48
Q

What class of fire is carbonaceous
solids?

A

Class A

49
Q

What colour is the tabard worn by the IC?

A

White

50
Q

The number of jets flow settings selected and size of hose is used to extinguish the fire is known as what?

A

Weight of attack

51
Q

Which best describes solid construction?

A

Has load bearing walls of brick

52
Q

Sampling detector is one of 5 main types of AfA detectors. List the other 4:

A

• optical
• heat
• radiation
• ionisation

53
Q

What factor is present in any combustion process and doesn’t take part in chemical reaction?

A

Passives

54
Q

Choose 3 ways fire can
spread?

A

• convection
• radiation
• conduction

55
Q

The fire resistance of timber depends on what 3 factors?

A

• The type of wood
• The thickness
• Any treatments that have been applied

56
Q

Dry rising mains are a common
feature of multi storey buildings and must be installed over how many meters?

A

18

57
Q

Expansion on the interface of a wall due to heat bowing the wall out of vertical will cause what?

A

Building collapse

58
Q

State 6 of the CPO (Command Pump Officer) responsibilities:

A

• Notify control of the call sign of ICP
• Notify oncoming officers of requirements
• Maintain radio contact with IC
• Place nominal roll board in ICW (Initial Command Wallet)
• Collect nominal roll boards and switch of blue lights
• Incident information board is filled in

59
Q

Unprotected structural steel loses how much of its strength at 600 degrees?

A

⅔

60
Q

What best describes this condition; the entrance to the basement always gets much hotter than the basement floor?

A

Heat barrier

61
Q

When gas cooling what should the initial flow setting on the branch be?

A

250

62
Q

Definition; The lowest temperature at which a fuel will ignite and continue to burn without the need of an ignition source is?

A

Auto-ignition

63
Q

State 6 of the sources of information available on route to incident?

A

• Call slip
• ORD (Operational Risk Database)
• Visual signs
• Local knowledge
• Further radio messages
• MDT (Mobile Data Terminal)

64
Q

3 correct descriptions of a flashpoint:

A

• The lowest temperature at which sufficient vapours are being produced

• A momentary flash to occur when an ignition source is introduced

• The burning of the vapours does not continue

65
Q

How does water reduce the amount of fuel available to a fire.
List 3:

A

• The rapid expansion of water to steam dilutes the flammable gases
• Expansion of water to steam drives out existing fire gases
• Reduces the further of flammable gas by pyrolysis

66
Q

Wet rising mains are found in all buildings over how many meters
high?

A

60

67
Q

At a fire what are the two
main reasons for cutting away?

A

• Investigate a suspected fire
• Locate and extinguish
inaccessible fire

68
Q

Which of these four types are a special service?

A

• Person locked in
• Trapped animals
• Trapped person
• A person threatening to jump from a high place

69
Q

What is the role of a support team with a second jet at a basement fire?

A

To protect the route incase it becomes necessary to withdraw

70
Q

What effect will the operation of the fire switch have on the fire lift?

A

• Deactivate the landing call buttons

• Enable firefighters to control the lift using the buttons

71
Q

List four advantages of using a dry rising main:

A

• Staircase is left clear of hose
• Reduces the frictional loss
• Reduces the amount of hose
• Less equipment needed
• reduced effort and time

72
Q

Looking for fire around the building, name four things that would show signs of fire before committing teams?

A

• Characteristic odours can indicate material burning
• Consult AFA panel
• Eye witness/premises owner
• Feel for hot doors or walls

73
Q

When entering a basement a BA team must have what size jet as a minimum weight of attack?

A

45mm

74
Q

Choose the two statements that together define Incident Command?

A

• Through the deliberate allocation and direction of resources
• A system to promote the safe and effective resolution of events

75
Q

Describe the risk of gang nailed roof trusses in the event of a fire?

A

Immediate collapse

76
Q

What are the 3 main headings which water application techniques can be grouped?

A

• Gas cooling
• Indirect
• Direct

77
Q

Primary purpose of an IC

A

• Save life
• Prevent further spread / loss / risk if injury
• Mitigate damage
• Mitigate damage to environment
• Minimise abruption to community

78
Q

Extinguisher on a Class B fire

A

Dilute
Isolate
Form
Intercept
Cool

79
Q

Difficulties encountered at a high rise

A

• heat stress
• delays in operations
• vandalism
• communication difficulties
• fire and smoke travel
• wind effects
• falling objects
• evacuation of occupants
• damaged fixed installations

80
Q

Bridgehead in a high rise incident is located where?

A

Lobby Sector (at least 2 floors below fire floor)

81
Q

Where should fire lift stop when ascending a high rise

A

• Two floors below fire

• Cautious survey using staircase, proceed to known safe point

82
Q

Principle of Tactical Ventilation

A

• hot gases released at highest point and fresh air enters at lowest point (high vent first, down wind of the low vent)
• cold air come in low
• if backdraught is suspected, ventilate from outside
• outlet vent to be covered by firefighter in B.A with branch

83
Q

Defensive ventilation

A

Not in the fire. Used to facilitate evacuation/ safe passage
Venting adjoining/outer compartments after the fire compartment has been isolated

84
Q

Describe heat barrier (3 marks)

A

The rise of escaping hotter smoke and fire gases from the basement. The entrance will be hotter than the ground. Results in a chemny

85
Q

3 types of ventilation

A

Self
Automatic
Tactical

86
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

How much energy is required to heat 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree

87
Q

As part of the emergency procedure press DSU when

A

Lost or disoriented
Confused or distressed
Trapped/ injured
Problems with BA

88
Q

What are the offensive and defensive tactical modes

A

Offensive - Oscar
Defensive - Delta

FFT (20 decks)

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