IEC Flashcards
1
Q
3 Principles of IEC
A
• preserve life
• prevent deterioration
• promote recovery
2
Q
5 Principles of Capacity
(Mental Capacity Act 2005)
A
• a presumption of capacity
• the right to be supported when making decisions
• an unwise decision cannot be seen as a wrong decision
• best interest must be at the heart of all decisions
• any interaction must be with the least restriction possible
3
Q
ALWAYS
A
Oxygen and reassurance
4
Q
Unequivocal signs of death - do not start CPR
A
• decomposition
• decapitation
• incineration (more than 95%)
• massive cranial deconstruction
• DNR form
5
Q
CPR rhythm for drowning
A
5 rescue breaths
CPR for 1 minute
Repeat or get help
6
Q
Patient Assessment
A
• Danger
• Response
• Catastrophic bleed
• Airway
• Breath
• Circulation
• Disability
• Expose and Examine
7
Q
Capacity is
A
Having the right mind ( Ability to recognize the right place,time, and person)
8
Q
What do you do when some one is mild choking?
A
Encourage to cough
9
Q
What do you do if someone is major choking?
A
Backslap 5 times, abdominal thrust 5 times and then repeat until success or unconscious. CPR
10
Q
What do you do if a baby is choking?
A
Put baby on arm, gradually backslap 5 times, chest thrust 5 times and repeat until success or unconscious. Then CPR
11
Q
What do you do if someone is choking on liquid?
A
Postural drainage (turn over) then suction (V vac)
12
Q
What do you do with clinical waste?
A
Give it to LAS
13
Q
Chain of survival
A
Early recognition of cardiac arrest
Early CPR
Early deliberation
Early advance care
14
Q
JAWS
A
Jaw thrusts
Adjunct
Work together
Squeeze slowly
15
Q
How many lobes
A
3 on the right and 2 on the left
16
Q
Oxygen breathing percentages
A
Breathe in 21% and breathe out 16 %
17
Q
What is the only vein that carries out oxygenated blood?
A
Pulmonary vein
18
Q
External respiration takes place in the…
A
Lungs
19
Q
Internal respiration takes place in the…
A
Tissue
20
Q
Red blood cells are also called ……. , they are responsible for ……..
A
Erythrocytes, carrying oxygenated blood around the body.
21
Q
What are the mechanisms for breathing?
A
Diaphram and
22
Q
Average heart beat of adult/ child/ baby
A
60- 100/120/140
23
Q
What is hyperventilating, signs and symptoms, and how do you deal with it
A
- Excessive breathing
- red, claws
- reassurance and no oxygen
24
Q
What is hypoxia
A
Lack of oxygen
25
Average oxygen level and average COPD oxygen levels
95% and 89 to 92%
26
Normal breathing rate
12-20
27
Symptoms of baby struggling to breath
Nasal flaring
Chest sacking
Grunting
Using excessary muscles
28
Oral pharnygeal
(Measures and when not to use)
Bottom jaw to center of teeth.
When conscious, brocken jaw and
Tresmas
29
Nasal pharyngeal
(Measurments and when not to use)
Ear to nose
Under 8years old , skull fracture
30
Asthma is
Inflammation in the airway causing bronci ristriction
31
What is contrary indication
Don't do
32
How much oxygen do you give to an adult?
15l/ min (1 canister)
33
How do you measure HR in adults and children?
Check pulse in radial (adults) and bracial (child)
34
What is CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation - aims to recirculate blood flow
35
What is cardiac arrest?
When the heart stops beating
36
What is Mycordial infarction?
Also known as a heart attack is the blockage of the heart that can lead to cardiac arrest.
37
What is an AED and what does it do?
Automated External Defibulator- used to stop heart and restart its natural rythm
38
Name 3 types of abnormal heartbeat rythms.
• Ventricular Tachycardia
• Ventricular Fibulation
• Pulse Ventricular Tachycardia - The patient is conscious, do not use AED.
39
ROSC
Return Of Spontanious Circulation
40
Name signs of unconscious ness
- non purposeful movement
41
Basic Life support Algorithm
- Danger
- Response
- shout for help
- Airways
- breathing and pulse check
- call 999
- 30:2 compression and breaths
42
Basic life support algorithm for drowning
- Danger
- Response
- shout for help
- Airway
- pulse and breathing check
- 5 rescue breathes
- 30:2 for 1min / 3 rounds
- call 999 if no one has come
43
Basic life support algorithm for child
- Assessment checks
- nose neutrally aligned with slight head tilt
- 5 rescue breaths
- 15:2 ( one hand compression)
- AED apply front and back ( press button)
- oxygen and reassurance
44
Basic life support for baby
- Assessment checks
- support between shoulders for neutral alignment
- 5 rescue breaths
- 15:2 ( 2 finger compressions)
- on AED, no puck, apply pads sideways and on front and back.
- oxygen and reassurance ( wave oxygen near face as oxygen can burn skin and eyes)
45
List pre AED checks
- Dry
- shave
- remove nipple chain
- cut bra
- stable surface
- pacemaker
46
What is ATMIST, and what do you do with it?
AGE
TIME
MECHANISM of injury
INJURY sustained
SIGNS and symptoms
Treatment/ O2
* hand it to LAS
47
Use the assisted pump once every [a] seconds and assess every [b] mins.
Pads are [c] and AED is [d]. Then cover with [e] and [f]
A) 6
B)1
C) left on
D) turned off
E) blanket
F) Dont move
48
What is COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
49
Define Hypoxic drive
Too much oxygen specific to COPD patients
50
List the 5 types of shock
1) Hypovolaemic
2) Cardiogenic
3) Neurogenic
4) Septic
5) Anaphylaxis
51
Is hypoglycemia a form of shock
No
52
Rule when using CPR on pregnant women
Tilt hip 30° to her left ( lump to left)
53
Every minute, the heart does not beat with no cpr it dies by
10%
54
Pregnant women have upto 50% more blood in their 3rd trimester. What percentage of blood loss takes place before signs and symptoms show?
35%
55
List the 2 types of bleeding
Internal and external
56
Internal bleeding
- symptoms
- steps
- potential reasons
- bruising
- recognition, divide stomach into quarters, and feel with palm [ ]
- RTC, impaling, fall from heights
57
List 4 ways to deal with bleeding
TQ
Packing
Indirect
Direct
58
What is wet dressing?
Open bandage packet, add spleen or eye wash, and then apply to wound. Generally used on skin tears.
59
What is Peha-haft
Dressing that sicks to itself, ideal for head injuries and direct pressure
60
Describe Olaz dressing
Olive packet, includes packing and cup, ideally used for holes, gauges and neck stabbings.
61
Describe blast dressing
Brown package, used for covering on holding in places with little or no pressure, e.g, spilt bouwls, mangled body parts, and amputations
62
How do you secure a stab wound or impalement with the object still in the body?
Bandage rolled up earth side of object and then wrapped with a 3rd bandage
63
Haemastic dressing
Blood still dressing
64
Rice
Rest
Ice
Comfort
Elevate
65
NA dressing
Non adhesive, added first on wound
66
How would you use a tornoquay
To prevent major blood loss, remove clothes, strap tight, and twist. Note the time down and apply a 2nd a tq width away if necessary
67
5 types of road traffic collision
1) frontal impact
2) rear impact
3) side/lateral impact
4) rotational impact
5) rollover impact
68
What type of injury could you sustain from a lateral impact
PELVIS, head, and spine
69
What is positional Asthyxia
Something stopping the chest from rising and falling
70
Describe contricoup
When the brain hits the skull
71
Types of skull fractures
linear
depressed (blunt trauma)
Open (exposed)
Basilar (bruising around eye due to pressure)
72
What is the most critical chest injury?
TENSION (pneumo/haemo)thorax
73
List potential chest injuries caused from piercing the lungs
Simple/open pneumo/haemo-thorax
74
What is meningitis
Meningitis is inflammation of the lining around your brain and spinal cord.
75
Protect this part of your spine to stay alive
C345 stay alive
76
When dealing with a potential spine injury, use MILS... what dies it stand for?
Manual
In
Line
Stabilization
77
How much blood does the body hold? And how much blood can you loose due to a brocken femur?
5l
1and a half l
78
Describe Hypovolaemic
Low volume of blood
79
Describe Anaphylaptic
A shock to the body that includes alegen, histamine or autoimmune issues.
1) respiratory system ( affecting airway by constricting and mucus build up). Use inhaler
2) cardiovascular system ( veins dialate, blood pressure decreases, blood leaks into tissue, leads to swelling of airways) use adrenaline/ipi pen.
80
Assess breathing through RESPS
Rate
Effort
Sound
Position
Sate ( 95%)
81
Pateint assessment ( SAMPLE )
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last ate/drank
Events
82
What is fainting caused by
Loss of oxygen to the brain
83
What is a pulmonary embolism?
A blockage of an artery In the lung
84
What is fainting also known as?
Transic loss of consciousness (TLOC)
85
Explain post dictal
When patient is tired and confused (post siezure)
86
How do you treat a siezure
Don't restrain, give oxygen if possible, time event( 5 minutes is serious) , and protect head with cushion.
87
What is a siezure
An electrical disturbance in the brain
88
Signs and symptoms of MI/Heart attack and Treatment
Chest pain, pale, clammy, sense of impending doom, pain, nausea and vomiting.
Oxygen and reassurance
89
What is Angina
Narrowing of the heart arteries
90
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
High and low blood sugar levels( insulin)
91
Signs and symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia and treatment
Pear drop breath, increased thirst, increased urination, confused, nausea, headache, fidgety.
Oxygen and reassurance
Give sugar
92
What is a stroke
Blockage of bloodflow to the brain
93
How donyou assess for a suspected stroke
FAST and PEARL
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Pupil
Equal
And
Reactive to
Light
94
Medical term for a small stroke
transient ischaemic attack
95
Mini stroke
Can dissolve or be a precursor to a full stroke, give oxygen and reassurance, then call ambulance
96
Heat exhaustion. Relation body temperatures
36.5 to 37.5 (normal range)
38 (Heat exhaustion starting point)
40 ( Heat stroke)
41-42 (organs start shutting down)
35 ( hypothermic)
34-33 (body stops working)
4yrs old ( can't control body temperature)
97
Signs and symptoms of Heat exhaustion
Sweat, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, faint, headache, thirsty, nausea, dehydrated, decreased blood pressure
98
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
Dizzy, vomiting, confusion, radows ,loosing consciousness
99
Treatment for heat exaustion
Hydrate, radial cooling, shade, take of clothes, don't put wet towel around neck
100
3 classifications of burns
Superficial ( top layer)
Partial thickness ( to dermal layer)
Full thickness (Destroyed nerve endings, waxy, chard )
101
Electrical burn
Looks for entry and exit wound
102
Treatment for burns
Cool for 20mins with tempered running water
Treat a burn for upto 3hrs
Cling film loosely, don't wrap.
(Burn jelly dressing if necessary)
103
How do you measure a burn
Rule of 9 ( front 18 + back 18 = 36)
Palm = 1%
104
Time critical burns
Mouth/throat
Infant, child, elderly
25% and above
105
What do you do to a chemical burn?
Dont cling film just add water
106
TST
Ten second triage
107
4 categories of TST
P1 immediate
P2 urgent
P3 delayed/walking
P4 not breathing
108
Why would you take off someone's helmet
To assess airways
109
What are the first stages of cardiac arrest
Non purposeful movement
Argurnal breathing
