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IEC Flashcards

1
Q

3 Principles of IEC

A

• preserve life
• prevent deterioration
• promote recovery

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2
Q

5 Principles of Capacity

(Mental Capacity Act 2005)

A

• a presumption of capacity
• the right to be supported when making decisions
• an unwise decision cannot be seen as a wrong decision
• best interest must be at the heart of all decisions
• any interaction must be with the least restriction possible

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3
Q

ALWAYS

A

Oxygen and reassurance

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4
Q

Unequivocal signs of death - do not start CPR

A

• decomposition
• decapitation
• incineration (more than 95%)
• massive cranial deconstruction
• DNR form

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5
Q

CPR rhythm for drowning

A

5 rescue breaths
CPR for 1 minute
Repeat or get help

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6
Q

Patient Assessment

A

• Danger
• Response
• Catastrophic bleed
• Airway
• Breath
• Circulation
• Disability
• Expose and Examine

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7
Q

Capacity is

A

Having the right mind ( Ability to recognize the right place,time, and person)

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8
Q

What do you do when some one is mild choking?

A

Encourage to cough

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9
Q

What do you do if someone is major choking?

A

Backslap 5 times, abdominal thrust 5 times and then repeat until success or unconscious. CPR

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10
Q

What do you do if a baby is choking?

A

Put baby on arm, gradually backslap 5 times, chest thrust 5 times and repeat until success or unconscious. Then CPR

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11
Q

What do you do if someone is choking on liquid?

A

Postural drainage (turn over) then suction (V vac)

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12
Q

What do you do with clinical waste?

A

Give it to LAS

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13
Q

Chain of survival

A

Early recognition of cardiac arrest
Early CPR
Early deliberation
Early advance care

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14
Q

JAWS

A

Jaw thrusts
Adjunct
Work together
Squeeze slowly

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15
Q

How many lobes

A

3 on the right and 2 on the left

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16
Q

Oxygen breathing percentages

A

Breathe in 21% and breathe out 16 %

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17
Q

What is the only vein that carries out oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein

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18
Q

External respiration takes place in the…

A

Lungs

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19
Q

Internal respiration takes place in the…

A

Tissue

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20
Q

Red blood cells are also called ……. , they are responsible for ……..

A

Erthresyts, carrying oxygenated blood around the body.

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21
Q

What are the mechanisms for breathing?

A

Diaphram and

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22
Q

Average heart beat of adult/ child/ baby

A

60- 100/120/140

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23
Q

What is hyperventilating, signs and symptoms, and how do you deal with it

A
  • Excessive breathing
  • red, claws
  • reassurance and no oxygen
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24
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen

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25
Q

Average oxygen level and average COPD oxygen levels

A

95% and 89 to 92%

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26
Q

Normal breathing rate

A

12-20

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27
Q

Symptoms of baby struggling to breath

A

Nasal flaring
Chest sacking
Grunting
Using excessary muscles

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28
Q

Oral pharnygeal
(Measures and when not to use)

A

Bottom jaw to center of teeth.
When conscious, brocken jaw and
Tresmas

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29
Q

Nasal pharyngeal
(Measurments and when not to use)

A

Ear to nose
Under 8years old , skull fracture

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30
Q

Asthma is

A

Inflammation in the airway causing bronci ristriction

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31
Q

What is contrary indication

A

Don’t do

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32
Q

How much oxygen do you give to an adult?

A

15l/ min (1 canister)

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33
Q

How do you measure HR in adults and children?

A

Check pulse in radial (adults) and bracial (child)

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34
Q

What is CPR

A

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation - aims to recirculate blood flow

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35
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

When the heart stops beating

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36
Q

What is Mycordial infarction?

A

Also known as a heart attack is the blockage of the heart that can lead to cardiac arrest.

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37
Q

What is an AED and what does it do?

A

Automated External Defibulator- used to stop heart and restart its natural rythm

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38
Q

Name 3 types of abnormal heartbeat rythms.

A

• Ventricular Tachycardia
• Ventricular Fibulation
• Pulse Ventricular Tachycardia - The patient is conscious, do not use AED.

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39
Q

ROSC

A

Return Of Spontanious Circulation

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40
Q

Name signs of unconscious ness

A
  • non purposeful movement
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41
Q

Basic Life support Algorithm

A
  • Danger
  • Response
  • shout for help
  • Airways
  • breathing and pulse check
  • call 999
  • 30:2 compression and breaths
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42
Q

Basic life support algorithm for drowning

A
  • Danger
  • Response
  • shout for help
  • Airway
  • pulse and breathing check
  • 5 rescue breathes
  • 30:2 for 1min / 3 rounds
  • call 999 if no one has come
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43
Q

Basic life support algorithm for child

A
  • Assessment checks
  • nose neutrally aligned with slight head tilt
  • 5 rescue breaths
  • 15:2 ( one hand compression)
  • AED apply front and back ( press button)
  • oxygen and reassurance
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44
Q

Basic life support for baby

A
  • Assessment checks
  • support between shoulders for neutral alignment
  • 5 rescue breaths
  • 15:2 ( 2 finger compressions)
  • on AED, no puck, apply pads sideways and on front and back.
  • oxygen and reassurance ( wave oxygen near face as oxygen can burn skin and eyes)
45
Q

List pre AED checks

A
  • Dry
  • shave
  • remove nipple chain
  • cut bra
  • stable surface
  • pacemaker
46
Q

What is ATMIST, and what do you do with it?

A

AGE
TIME
MECHANISM of injury
INJURY sustained
SIGNS and symptoms
Treatment/ O2

  • hand it to LAS
47
Q

Use the assisted pump once every [a] seconds and assess every [b] mins.
Pads are [c] and AED is [d]. Then cover with [e] and [f]

A

A) 6
B)1
C) left on
D) turned off
E) blanket
F) Dont move

48
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

49
Q

Define Hypoxic drive

A

Too much oxygen specific to COPD patients

50
Q

List the 5 types of shock

A

1) Hypovolaemic
2) Cardiogenic
3) Neurogenic
4) Septic
5) Anaphylaxis

51
Q

Is hypoglycemia a form of shock

A

No

52
Q

Rule when using CPR on pregnant women

A

Tilt hip 30° to her left ( lump to left)

53
Q

Every minute, the heart does not beat with no cpr it dies by

A

10%

54
Q

Pregnant women have upto 50% more blood in their 3rd trimester. What percentage of blood loss takes place before signs and symptoms show?

A

35%

55
Q

List the 2 types of bleeding

A

Internal and external

56
Q

Internal bleeding
- symptoms
- steps
- potential reasons

A
  • bruising
  • recognition, divide stomach into quarters, and feel with palm [ ]
  • RTC, impaling, fall from heights
57
Q

List 4 ways to deal with bleeding

A

TQ
Packing
Indirect
Direct

58
Q

What is wet dressing?

A

Open bandage packet, add spleen or eye wash, and then apply to wound. Generally used on skin tears.

59
Q

What is Peha-haft

A

Dressing that sicks to itself, ideal for head injuries and direct pressure

60
Q

Describe Olaz dressing

A

Olive packet, includes packing and cup, ideally used for holes, gauges and neck stabbings.

61
Q

Describe blast dressing

A

Brown package, used for covering on holding in places with little or no pressure, e.g, spilt bouwls, mangled body parts, and amputations

62
Q

How do you secure a stab wound or impalement with the object still in the body?

A

Bandage rolled up earth side of object and then wrapped with a 3rd bandage

63
Q

Haemastic dressing

A

Blood still dressing

64
Q

Rice

A

Rest
Ice
Comfort
Elevate

65
Q

NA dressing

A

Non adhesive, added first on wound

66
Q

How would you use a tornoquay

A

To prevent major blood loss, remove clothes, strap tight, and twist. Note the time down and apply a 2nd a tq width away if necessary

67
Q

5 types of road traffic collision

A

1) frontal impact
2) rear impact
3) side/lateral impact
4) rotational impact
5) rollover impact

68
Q

What type of injury could you sustain from a lateral impact

A

PELVIS, head, and spine

69
Q

What is positional Asthyxia

A

Something stopping the chest from rising and falling

70
Q

Describe contricoup

A

When the brain hits the skull

71
Q

Types of skull fractures

A

linear
depressed (blunt trauma)
Open (exposed)
Basilar (bruising around eye due to pressure)

72
Q

What is the most critical chest injury?

A

TENSION (pneumo/haemo)thorax

73
Q

List potential chest injuries caused from piercing the lungs

A

Simple/open pneumo/haemo-thorax

74
Q

What is meningitis

A

Meningitis is inflammation of the lining around your brain and spinal cord.

75
Q

Protect this part of your spine to stay alive

A

C345 stay alive

76
Q

When dealing with a potential spine injury, use MILS… what dies it stand for?

A

Manual
In
Line
Stabilization

77
Q

How much blood does the body hold? And how much blood can you loose due to a brocken femur?

A

5l
1and a half l

78
Q

Describe Hypovolaemic

A

Low volume of blood

79
Q

Describe Anaphylaptic

A

A shock to the body that includes alegen, histamine or autoimmune issues.
1) respiratory system ( affecting airway by constricting and mucus build up). Use inhaler
2) cardiovascular system ( veins dialate, blood pressure decreases, blood leaks into tissue, leads to swelling of airways) use adrenaline/ipi pen.

80
Q

Assess breathing through RESPS

A

Rate
Effort
Sound
Position
Sate ( 95%)

81
Q

Pateint assessment ( SAMPLE )

A

Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last ate/drank
Events

82
Q

What is fainting caused by

A

Loss of oxygen to the brain

83
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

A blockage of an artery In the lung

84
Q

What is fainting also known as?

A

Transic loss of consciousness (TLOC)

85
Q

Explain post dictal

A

When patient is tired and confused (post siezure)

86
Q

How do you treat a siezure

A

Don’t restrain, give oxygen if possible, time event( 5 minutes is serious) , and protect head with cushion.

87
Q

What is a siezure

A

An electrical disturbance in the brain

88
Q

Signs and symptoms of MI/Heart attack and Treatment

A

Chest pain, pale, clammy, sense of impending doom, pain, nausea and vomiting.
Oxygen and reassurance

89
Q

What is Angina

A

Narrowing of the heart arteries

90
Q

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

A

High and low blood sugar levels( insulin)

91
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyper/hypoglycemia and treatment

A

Pear drop breath, increased thirst, increased urination, confused, nausea, headache, fidgety.

Oxygen and reassurance
Give sugar

92
Q

What is a stroke

A

Blockage of bloodflow to the brain

93
Q

How donyou assess for a suspected stroke
FAST and PEARL

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

Pupil
Equal
And
Reactive to
Light

94
Q

Medical term for a small stroke

A

transient ischaemic attack

95
Q

Mini stroke

A

Can dissolve or be a precursor to a full stroke, give oxygen and reassurance, then call ambulance

96
Q

Heat exhaustion. Relation body temperatures

A

36.5 to 37.5 (normal range)
38 (Heat exhaustion starting point)
40 ( Heat stroke)
41-42 (organs start shutting down)
35 ( hypothermic)
34-33 (body stops working)
4yrs old ( can’t control body temperature)

97
Q

Signs and symptoms of Heat exhaustion

A

Sweat, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, faint, headache, thirsty, nausea, dehydrated, decreased blood pressure

98
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke

A

Dizzy, vomiting, confusion, radows ,loosing consciousness

99
Q

Treatment for heat exaustion

A

Hydrate, radial cooling, shade, take of clothes, don’t put wet towel around neck

100
Q

3 classifications of burns

A

Superficial ( top layer)
Partial thickness ( to dermal layer)
Full thickness (Destroyed nerve endings, waxy, chard )

101
Q

Electrical burn

A

Looks for entry and exit wound

102
Q

Treatment for burns

A

Cool for 20mins with tempered running water
Treat a burn for upto 3hrs
Cling film loosely, don’t wrap.
(Burn jelly dressing if necessary)

103
Q

How do you measure a burn

A

Rule of 9 ( front 18 + back 18 = 36)
Palm = 1%

104
Q

Time critical burns

A

Mouth/throat
Infant, child, elderly
25% and above

105
Q

What do you do to a chemical burn?

A

Dont cling film just add water

106
Q

TST

A

Ten second triage

107
Q

4 categories of TST

A

P1 immediate
P2 urgent
P3 delayed/walking
P4 not breathing

108
Q

Why would you take off someone’s helmet

A

To assess airways

109
Q

What are the first stages of cardiac arrest

A

Non purposeful movement
Argurnal breathing

FFT (20 decks)

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