PP 004 + LAD (Pumps And Ladders) Flashcards
What is a pump?
A machine, driven by external power to give energy to a fluid.
Name 2 types of pumps
1) Centrifugal
2) positive displacement
What is centrifugal force?
Outward force associated with rotation
What are the 2 main parts of a centrifugal pump?
- Impeller
- volute
What does PTO stand for?
Power take off
Name the 2 types of impeller and their associated pressure
1) low pressure - large volume at low pressure for lay flat hoses
2) peripheral - high pressure, typically for hose reel
Twinning the hydrant leads to how much more water than singular?
4 times more
Name the typically used pump gauges
- hydrant to tank auto fill valve
- tank to pump valve
- low pressure delivery valves
- high/low pressure lever
- hose reel isolation valves
What does ePC stand for
ePump Control
A sudden increase in low pressure gauge reading indicates
- branches being shut down
- kinks in the delivery hose
- vehicles/ debris on the delivery hose
A sudden decrease in low pressure gauge reading indicates
- Branches being opened
- burst delivery hose
- appliance tank empty
Pulse spraying technique causes fluctuations in pressure
True
Reasons why we go to low pressure
- less noise
- less emissions
- less fuel
- reduce number of times auto cools
What is over running?
Using more water than your getting
How do you deal with over running?
1) increase supply ( find more efficient hydrant or open water source)
2) regulate water being delivered ( reduce the number of jets, flow settings, or appliance engine revs )
2 reasons for reduction in pressure
Frictional loss in hose line
Effects of gravity working above water source or pump
Frictional loss is affected by
Internal diameter of hose
Output flow of water(higher flow = higher loss)
Height above or below water source
Length of hose
Pressure loss of
45mm
70mm
1bar
0.2 bar
Pressure Loss of
1m
1floor
0.1 bar
0.3 bar
Command list for standard pitch of 9m ladder
Stand by to slip 9m ladder
Release
Slip
Well
Ready, brace, lift
Site heel number 3
Under run
Well
Prepare to extend
Extend
Well
Paws engaged
Head in
Head/heel adjustments
Take over number 3
Head/heal adjustments
Final check
Ladder pitched get to work
Command list to MAKE UP 9m ladder
9m ladder crew
Head out
Well
Extend to lower
Lower
Clear behind (no. 3)
Under run
Stand by to launch
Ready brace lift
Launch
House
Check list
Ladder secure
Commands for haul aloft
Up top
Below
Haul aloft
Right
Commands for dropping
Below
Up top
Stand from under
Clear there
Commands for aloft from building
Below
Up top
Haul away from building
Right
9m Ladder Facts:
• 5.3meter when not extended
• 53mm across
• 40.6kg
How much space do you need to take the 9m ladder off the appliance?
10m behind appliance
4.2m in height
What are the measurements of the 9m ladder
5.3m pre-extended length
53cm width
40.6kg weight
Why would you separate a 9m ladder
To bridge ( broken doors or stairs)
Safety consideration when pitching a 9m ladder
Ground conditions
Safe lifting technique
Effective communication
PPE
Safe handling
Ladder pitched checks
- The string closest to the frame of the opening must be no more than 150mm from the frame
- The round closest to the sill must be just above and parallel to the sill
- There must be 3 to 5 rounds above the sill ( preferably 3 )
- If pitching below the sill, the head must be at least 50mm below and not touching
What is the emergency command when control is lost whilst pitching the 9m ladder
Head in
Hose management problems
Identification of the hose line and subsequent maneuvering of the hose is difficult
Hose creates trip hazard
Stairs become inaccessible for access to fire fighters and escape for occupants
Law 1
Law 2
Law 3
Law 1 - Pressure loss is directly proportional to the length of the hose through which the water flows
* The longer the hose lines, the greater the frictional loss
Law 2 - Pressure loss is directly proportional to the square of the flow rate
* If the flow rate through a line of hose is doubled, the pressure loss due to friction will increase by a factor of four
Law 3 - Pressure loss is inversely proportional to the hose diameter
* Diameter is the most important single factor which affects frictional loss. The frictional loss in 45mm hose is approximately 5 times greater than 70mm hose and 32 times greater than 90mm hose for the same flow rate
Foot, hand, hand, foot
For mounting or dismounting a ladder
45mm bar loss per length
70mm bar loss per length
Bar loss per meter in height
45mm loses 1 bar
70mm loses 0.2 bar
1 meter height = 0.1 bar lost (1 floor = 3 meter~)
Short Extension Ladder
length
weight
6m
21kg
135 ladder weight
100kg
