Revision- Resp. Tract Infections

Question 1

what are the main causes or coryza?

Answer 1

rhinovirus
also coronavirus, RSV

Question 2

what are symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 2

• Frontal headache
• Retro orbital pain
• Maxillary sinus pain
• Toothache
• Nasal discharge

Question 3

treatment for sinusitis?

Answer 3

• Usually self-limiting, can give nasal decongestant (oxymetazoline)/nasal steroids
• Some need antibiotics

Question 4

what is oxymetazoline?

Answer 4

nasal decongestant

used in (acute) sinusitis

Question 5

what causes influenza

Answer 5

influenza A (pandemics)
influenza B

Question 6

how is influenza transmitted?

Answer 6

droplets
direct contact with infected resp. secretions

Question 7

what is oseltamivir used for?

Answer 7

(drug)
flu symptoms of influenza

Question 8

which virus causes diptheria?

Answer 8

NOT a virus - bacteria

Question 9

causes of epiglottitis?

Answer 9

Streptococcus spp. (most common), Staph. aureus and Pseudomonas spp

Question 10

what does odynophagia mean?

Answer 10

painful swallowing

Question 11

gold standard epiglottitis investigation?

Answer 11

laryngoscopy

Question 12

thumbprint sign on soft tissue radiograph ?

Answer 12

epiglottitis

Question 13

epiglottitis treatment?

Answer 13

• Phone on-call anaesthetist
• Ceftriaxone (antibiotic)

Question 14

most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 14

RSV

Question 15

Fever, coryza, cough in child under 1?

Answer 15

bronchiolitis think first

Question 16

bronchiolitis treatment?

Answer 16

supportive

Question 17

does acute bronchitis have a dry cough?

Answer 17

no- it is productive

Question 18

What is the following suggestive of?
-Productive cough
- Fever in minority of cases
- Normal chest exam/ X-ray
- May have transient wheeze

Answer 18

acute bronchitis

Question 19

acute bronchitis treatment?

Answer 19

supportive
antibiotics NOT indicated

Question 20

steeple on xray?

Answer 20

croup

Question 21

croup cause?

Answer 21

parainfluenza virus

Question 22

croup presentation?

Answer 22

• Increasedwork of breathing
• Barking’cough, occurring in clusters of coughing episodes
• Hoarse voice
• Stridor
• Low gradefever

Question 23

barking cough?

Answer 23

croup

Question 24

what is dexamethasone used for?

Answer 24

croup

Question 25

croup management?

Answer 25

mild - largely self limiting
1. Oraldexamethasone - if too unwell to receive oral medication can give IM dexamethasone or nebulisedbudesonide
2. Oxygen
3. Nebulisedadrenaline
4. Intubationandventilation