Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCOMOTOR 2 > Revision of the Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Revision of the Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Shenton’s line?

A

An imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. This line should be continuous and smooth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name four ligaments at the hip joint

A

Pubo-femoral
Ilio-femoral
Ischio-femoral
Ligamentum teres (inside joint capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which artery supplies the head of the femur?

A

Acetabular branch of the obturator artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s the blood supply to the neck of the femur?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery (a branch off profunda femoris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three main arteries that supply the head and neck of the femur?

A

Acetabular branch of obturator artery, lateral and medial circumflex arteries (from deep femoral artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name two ligaments of the pelvis

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does gluteus maximus lie in relation to gluteus medium and minimum?

A

In front of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary function of gluteus maximus?

A

Hip extensor and lateral rotator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the iliotibial tract insert?

A

Anterolateral tubercle of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the insertion points of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

3/4 insets into the IT band and 1/4 insets into the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the tensor fascia latae muscle located?

A

Lateral anterior thigh above the IT band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

L5-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Piriformis, superior gemelli, inferior gemelli, obturator interns and quadratus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles does the anterior compartment of the thigh contain?

A

Quadriceps (+iliopsoas and sartortius)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh (quadriceps)?

A

The femoral nerve L2-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh (quadriceps)?

A

Flex hip and extend the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscles does the medial compartment of the thigh contain?

A

Hip adductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh (hip adductors)

A

The obturator nerve (L2-L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What muscles does the posterior compartment of the thigh contain?

A

Hamstrings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh (hip adductors)

A

Tibial branch of the sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of iliopsoas muscle and where is it found?

A

It consists of iliacus (on the ilium) and psoas major (from lumbar spine into neck of femur). It’s the major flexor of the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the major flexor of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of sartorius and where is it found?

A

Goes from ASIS to medial knee (long and thin on a diagonall). It works to flex the hip and knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the origin and attachment of the hamstrings?

A

All originate at the ischial tuberosity and attach distally to the tibia so act to flex the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (long-head)

Semimembranosus lies above semitendinosus

31
Q

What are the hip adductors in the medial compartment? (4)

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor braves and gracilis

32
Q

What is the origin and attachment of the hip adductors in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Attach to the pelvis and distally to the lines asperea

33
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

Point on the medial knee where sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus all insert

34
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?

35
Q

Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus in order

A 
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral cutaneous (of thigh))
Femoral
Obturator
Lumbosacral

Some Idiots In Georgia Like Falling Off Logs

36
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superiorly: inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Media: Adductor longus

37
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

NAV (lateral to medial)

Femoral nerve, artery, vein as well as deep inguinal lymph nodes

38
Q

Where does the deep femoral artery pass between?

A

Pectineus and adductor longus

39
Q

Where is the great saphenous vein located?

A

From anterior leg up to the anterior thigh

40
Q

Where is the small saphenous vein located?

A

Posteriorly up from the achilles tendon to the popliteal vein

41
Q

How many bony articulations are there at the knee?

42
Q

What are the three articulations at the knee?

A

> Lateral femoral and tibial condyles with menisci
Medial femoral and tibial condyles with menisci
Patella and femur

43
Q

What does the stability of the knee depend upon?

A

Strength and action of surrounding muscles and their tendons as well as the ligaments that connect the femur and tibia

44
Q

Describe the medial meniscus of the knee

A

Meniscus is C-shaped, broader posteriorly than anteriorly. Attached to the ACL ligament anteriorly and the tibial collateral ligament.

45
Q

To what structures does the medial meniscus attach?

A

ACL and tibial collateral ligament

46
Q

Describe the lateral meniscus of the knee

A

Nearly circular in structure and is smaller and more freely movable. It’s attached to the PCL.

47
Q

To what structures does the lateral meniscus attach?

48
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments of the knee?

A

Stabilise the hinge-like movement of the knee joint

49
Q

What are the two types of collateral ligament present at the knee?

A

Fibular colateral ligament and tibial collateral ligament

50
Q

What are the two cruciate ligaments of the knee?

A

ACL and PCL

51
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A

Cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) and collateral ligaments (fibular and tibial)

52
Q

Which is the strongest cruciate ligament?

53
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Stops the tibia moving backwards on the femur (and prevents external rotation of tibia)

54
Q

Describe the attachments of the PCL

A

PCL ligament runs from posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to attach to the medial wall of the femoral intercondylar fossa

55
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Stops tibia moving forward on the femur and stabilises knee in extension to prevent hyperextension and excessive internal rotation

56
Q

Describe the attachments of the ACL

A

Runs from facet on the anterior part of the intercondylar area of tibia and ascends posteriorly to attach to the back of the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa of the femur

57
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial superior: semimembranosus/semitendinosus
Lateral superior: biceps femoris
Inferior: two head of gastrocnemius

58
Q

What nerve runs along the surface of the gastrocnemius?

A

Sural nerve

59
Q

What structures pass through the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, small saphenous vein, common peroneal nerve, tibial nerve and rural nerve

60
Q

What are the arteries that supply the knee?

A

Genicular arteries (supplyd by femoral artery mainly)

61
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion, extension of the digits

62
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

63
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

64
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of the foot

65
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

66
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular artery

67
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion and flexion of digits

68
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

69
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

70
Q

Which compartments of the leg does the common peroneal nerve supply?

A

Anterior (dorsiflexion) and lateral (eversion)

71
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

Hinge (between tibia, fibula and talus)

72
Q

How many ankle ligaments are there?

A

3 lateral and 1 medial (strong)

73
Q

Name the three lateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A

Anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

74
Q

What is the medial ligament of the ankle called?

A

Deltoid ligament

LOCOMOTOR 2 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions