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LOCOMOTOR 2 > Connective Tissue Review > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Review Flashcards

1
Q

What type of connective tissue are tendons?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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2
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

Where small tears occur in a tendon leading to localised inflammation

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3
Q

What are the common causes of tendonitis?

A

Overuse, collagen disorders and renal dialysis

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4
Q

What are some of the common sites for tendonitis?

A

Achilles tendon, lateral epicondyle and supraspinatus

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5
Q

How may calcification occur as a result of tendonitis?

A

Partial tears may heal by forming calcified regions which makes the tendon brittle and it may rupture

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6
Q

What is the treatment for tendonitis?

A

RICE, stretching, surgery and pain relief

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7
Q

Outline extrinsic and intrinsic tendon healing

A

Extrinsic - peripheral fibroblasts aid in healing

Intrinsic - fibroblasts from the tendon itself aid in healing

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8
Q

In which tendons does intrinsic tendon healing occur?

A

Those surrounded by a synovial/tendon sheath e.g. hand flexors

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9
Q

Why may tendon sheaths be affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A

As the tendon sheaths have synovial membrane, they can be affected by rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

What is the difference between tendonitis and tenosynovitis?

A

In tenosynovitis there is also inflammation of the tendon sheath lining

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11
Q

What is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A

There is fibrosis and narrowing of the tendon sheath due to rubbing of the sheath over the radial styloid process

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12
Q

What is trigger finger?

A

Where there is enlargement of a tendon within the sheath

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13
Q

How do you treat De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A

Shaving the radial styloid process

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14
Q

How do you treat trigger finger?

A

Cut the annular ligament in the affected finger

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15
Q

What is an enthesis?

A

Where a tendon/ligament/joint capsule attached to bone

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16
Q

What are the two types of enthesis?

A

Fibrous and fibrocartilaginous

17
Q

Describe fibrous entheses

A

The ligament/tendon joins directly to bone via collagen fibres known as Sharpey’s fibre penetrating the periosteum of the bone

18
Q

Describe fibrocartilaginous entheses

A

The tendon/ligament transitions through fibrocartilage regions before reaching the bone, causing the collagen fibres to become more disorganised and mineral content to increase before it reaches the bone

19
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibres?

A

The collagen fibres from a tendon/ligament/joint capsule that directly insert into the periosteum of the bone to connect the two structures

20
Q

What is the advantage of fibrocartilaginous entheses over fibrous entheses?

A

The gradual change to mineralised content helps to stiffen the ligament and dissipate stress concentration to be more mechanically resistant

21
Q

What is enthesitis?

A

Inflammation of the enthesis at any point of attachment inserting into the bone

22
Q

What is the difference between enthesophytes and osteophytes?

A

Enthesophytes originate from the insertion of joint capsule/ligament or tendon and don’t involve the articular border to the joint, whereas osteophytes originate from the border of the articular cartilage

23
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A

A form of enthesitis of the intervertebral disc and anterior longitudinal ligament

24
Q

What may cause enthesitis?

A

Recurrent stress, autoimmune disease, HLA B27

25
Q

Which HLA molecule is related to enthesitis?

A

HLA B27

26
Q

How may enthesitis be treated?

A

RICE, NSAIDs, anti-inflammatory drugs and hyperosmolar dextose

27
Q

Why may hyperosmolar dextrose be used to treat enthesitis?

A

Injection of this irritant can cause proliferation of the intrinsic fibroblasts to repair the damage

28
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Where the boy makes a wide range of antibodies against self-antigens which cause damage to blood vessels and connective tissue

29
Q

Who is typically affected by systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Females, more likely to be black people and those 15-40

30
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus?

A

Fever, weight changes, butterfly fascial rash and photosensitivity

31
Q

How may SLE be treated?

A

NSAIDs, methotrexate, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide etc.

LOCOMOTOR 2 (28 decks)

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